In more than 80 years ago, people generally do not realize the importance of vehicle safety, and today, can make people immediately think of innovation has always been committed to safety, the car brand, it is none other than non-VOLVO Volvo. Security body, three-point seat belts, blind spot information system, dozens of active and passive safety technologies are from Volvo's hands. Of course, it has been in the field of environmental protection efforts. Below, please follow the author along with pursuing the development of Volvo car left the imprint.
Volvo logo
VOLVO's Chinese name "Volvo", but has also been called before the "rich." Volvo logo is composed of three parts, with an arrow inside a circle (diagonal direction of the arrow pointing right) is the ancient chemical symbol for iron. Volvo on behalf of the reason why the use of iron in the car's brand mark is to make people think of Sweden has a glorious tradition of iron and steel industry, and that a vehicle has a strong iron strength.
At the same time, set on the radiator from top left to bottom right diagonal tilt of a ribbon. The set originally for technical considerations, for a fixed mark in the grille on the car, then it has gradually evolved into a decorative sign and become the most obvious sign of Volvo cars. Of course, the Volvo logo indispensable there "VOLVO" word (used in all upper case).
VOLVO Origin
If that Volvo's history, it had to be traced back to 1915. SKF Bearings manufacturer at the time of each group of vehicles produced with the side of the ball and roller bearings, will be a "Volvo" five letters. With the automobile industry's position in the industrial production more and more important. To 1924, in the minds of the founders of the company SKF has already sprouted in Sweden the idea of building the vehicle manufacturing company. Until 1926, SKF board eventually approved the project, provide the necessary funds, and formally established the company AB Volvo.
20-30 years: Volvo early stages of development, security concept has become firmly rooted
1926-1927 years: Volvo's first car was born / knocked "safe"
ÖV4
Volvo's first car in April 14, 1927 came, the car is called the ÖV4, equipped with a four-cylinder engine. It is worth mentioning that the car factory in the year before, it has conducted its first crash tests. At that time, Volvo will be 9 ÖV4 models with a U.S. production car with the positive impact test. Results, it shall have been hit after the U.S. model in almost a pile of scrap metal. The ÖV4 is generally safe. Since then, volvo car set a safety car on the image, while on the other hand can be seen, Volvo's inception, we value the safety of the vehicle.
PV4
In ÖV4 market soon, Volvo launched the PV4 sedan, the company plans to produce 500 sections of the model, but Swedish consumers do not seem to buy it, the first two years, sold only 297 cars.
1928-1929 years: Volvo bumper assembly for vehicles has improved the overall sales
Although ov4 and PV4 sedan sales is not satisfactory, but still in 1928 Volvo introduced a derivative models PV4, PV4 long-wheelbase sedan. To be concerned about, the car models in the hood, while slightly longer than its normal, comes from the shape of the rear window and install the bumper. You know, at the time the vehicle bumper is not the standard.
In the same year, Volvo's first truck, Model "1" is officially off the assembly line and it is to win the market may be set. Later, the production of trucks and buses in the first few decades has become a major export product of Volvo.
PV651
To 1929, a 6-cylinder engine equipped with the PV651 to replace the previous 4-cylinder models ov4, compared to the former, PV651 longer, wider, more solid chassis. At the same time, this year, the company's sales also improved, sold 1383 vehicles, including 27 car export, export to distant areas and even Argentina and Panama.
1930-1935 years: Volvo continue to push new sales rising stock market success
Into the 30's, Volvo's sales steadily. Introduced only in 1930, more luxurious than the PV651 upgrade models PV652, but also from its parent company, SKF, where to buy Hisingen factory (then Volvo cars are produced in this factory).
1932 Volvo reached a milestone in the history of its making - "1 million vehicles off the assembly line." Until then, Volvo produced a total of 3800 cars and 6200 trucks.
PV653
In 1933, Volvo launched its luxury version of the PV653 and PV654. Before comparing models, the overall use of American car design, chassis and more resilient, and the engine also features noise version, and the first time all the tools are integrated into the driver's front. With the Volvo is more recognized, profits will increase. In 1934, AB VOLVO SKF hands of its parent company bought the remaining shares of the company. Turn, Volvo's shares on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
1936-1937 years: Volvo to try to produce the popular family cars
PV51
Following the introduction of luxury models PV36, 1936, Volvo brings the price even close to the people of the PV51 model, which can also be seen as a popular family car market, Volvo's first foray into the works. Although there is no PV36 luxury car, but a similar line shape and using the same 6-cylinder engine, making PV51 greater consumer appeal. By 1937, Volvo has introduced the PV52 models taking advantage of the car higher than the former configuration, but in other respects, is almost identical.
1938-1939 years: war-affected Volvo sales decline
In 1938, Volvo PV53 and PV54 in turn the standard model and the deluxe version of the PV55 and PV56 into the market. These cars are a new grille design. However, due to the impact of World War II, supplies of gasoline and an extreme shortage of quota system, thereby enabling the sales of Volvo in 1940 from 1937 to 7306 units slipped to 5900 units. During this period, production of gas burners alone Volvo cars and armed vehicles to maintain revenue.
Friday, September 30, 2011
Visiting the public very strict standard engine "remanufacturing"
What is "remanufacturing"
Definition: engine "re-create" different from the renovation or repair, but will recover after the dismantling of the engine clean, replace or repair the substandard parts and then assembling a new engine manufacturing standards, and finally restored to like this engine Like the original product's technical performance and product quality of the production process. In addition, transmission can also be "re-create." Of course, not what the engine can be re-manufacturing, normal wear and tear can be remanufactured, and damaged a car accident or violence is no longer manufactured.
Fix: re-manufacturing repair processes are mainly for parts repair method, size and dimensions Compensation Act Restoration Act. Parts and parts for different damage state, using the corresponding method. Initial production, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian for pieces of law, size-based compensation method, post-gradual development of size repair process.
Main processes: re-manufacturing, mainly through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, testing (thermal test), and other steps to fight identity engine repair, and to re-create the engine to achieve the same with the new engine standards. Marked by laser, "then" label remanufactured parts, will enter the sale, spare part, will not enter the car market, people can rest assured that buying a new car.
How to re-create the engine purchase and use: the use of remanufactured engine replacement model for sale. When you need to change the engine, the first, 4S stores will offer you a choice, "remanufactured" engines of opportunity, if you choose to replace the "remanufactured" engine, tested after passing the old engine will have your car will be "re-create" replacement price, if you replace the new EA888 engine originally planned price of the new machine about 6 million, then left in the old engine replacement income, then you just need to pay 30,000 yuan to dress up standards for new aircraft remanufacturing EA888 engine.
Advantage: re-create the project more economical resources, contribute to environmental protection. It is understood, then 60% of the manufacturing process energy, material recycling rate of 70%, 80% reduction in emissions. And consumer-related, the new machine and replacement compared to remanufactured engine cheaper, only 50%. The overhaul and compared, the advantages of remanufactured products is quality assurance, change speed, there is a need today, tomorrow you can put on.
Warranty: remanufactured engine and a new factory engine to enjoy the same 2-year or 60,000 km warranty.
History: The earliest public in Germany since World War II began in 1947, related to the re-manufacturing, with 60 years of history. By 2008, the Volkswagen Group increased to 10,300 kinds of re-manufacturing model, total engine re-manufacturing 7.7 million units, 2.8 million and 68 million sets of transmission parts. In the field of diesel and other commercial vehicles, car prices in China have already begun re-manufacturing, but in gasoline passenger cars, the public can say is the first.
● Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company Projects:
Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company, and FAW Volkswagen joint venture project for the construction, plant factory in Dalian Jinzhou District area, close to public EA888 engine and the DSG automatic transmission production lines. Project was first launched in September 2010 and was officially put into operation in August 2011. The project is also popular in Germany than the first set and then create the project.
Re-create the initial project investment of 100 million, mainly related to the early re-EA888 powertrain manufacturing, but also including post-EA111, EA431 and EA113, a total of 6 engines and automatic transmission DQ200 remanufacturing. Project initial annual capacity of 5,000 units by 2014 plans for the saturation capacity of 15,000 units (pieces). Applicable models include the FAW - Volkswagen Magotan, Jetta, Golf GTI, Audi Q5, Audi A4L and Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan, Hao Rui, Octavia etc.
The project currently has more than 30 technicians and 8 engineers, engines can be completed one day's 20-30 dismantling and re-manufacturing tasks.
In addition, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian has also established a long-term quality analysis center, which focused on the engine or transmission in China, under the conditions and driving habits of Chinese long-distance running after a failure mode resulting from the accumulation of data and analysis, to provide for future R & D data.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
● engine re-manufacturing plant visit
After reading the above, we re-create the definition, I believe we have an understanding. But may still have doubts about the heart, the remanufactured engine can guarantee quality? Here we combine factory visits in some cases, through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, marking, testing (thermal test) 7-step display, so that everyone on this new project has an understanding.
When the old engine was recovered after the replacement, the first pre-cleaning is carried out, aimed at dismantling the engine before the oil removal, rust. After they entered the dismantling link. The first part of dismantling the engine crankshaft and other components after the demolition, rotary engine, and then removed the oil pan and other components. Removed by order of the different parts, according to steel, plastic, aluminum and other materials for four different classified into four different preparations of the big box in the wash
Definition: engine "re-create" different from the renovation or repair, but will recover after the dismantling of the engine clean, replace or repair the substandard parts and then assembling a new engine manufacturing standards, and finally restored to like this engine Like the original product's technical performance and product quality of the production process. In addition, transmission can also be "re-create." Of course, not what the engine can be re-manufacturing, normal wear and tear can be remanufactured, and damaged a car accident or violence is no longer manufactured.
Fix: re-manufacturing repair processes are mainly for parts repair method, size and dimensions Compensation Act Restoration Act. Parts and parts for different damage state, using the corresponding method. Initial production, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian for pieces of law, size-based compensation method, post-gradual development of size repair process.
Main processes: re-manufacturing, mainly through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, testing (thermal test), and other steps to fight identity engine repair, and to re-create the engine to achieve the same with the new engine standards. Marked by laser, "then" label remanufactured parts, will enter the sale, spare part, will not enter the car market, people can rest assured that buying a new car.
How to re-create the engine purchase and use: the use of remanufactured engine replacement model for sale. When you need to change the engine, the first, 4S stores will offer you a choice, "remanufactured" engines of opportunity, if you choose to replace the "remanufactured" engine, tested after passing the old engine will have your car will be "re-create" replacement price, if you replace the new EA888 engine originally planned price of the new machine about 6 million, then left in the old engine replacement income, then you just need to pay 30,000 yuan to dress up standards for new aircraft remanufacturing EA888 engine.
Advantage: re-create the project more economical resources, contribute to environmental protection. It is understood, then 60% of the manufacturing process energy, material recycling rate of 70%, 80% reduction in emissions. And consumer-related, the new machine and replacement compared to remanufactured engine cheaper, only 50%. The overhaul and compared, the advantages of remanufactured products is quality assurance, change speed, there is a need today, tomorrow you can put on.
Warranty: remanufactured engine and a new factory engine to enjoy the same 2-year or 60,000 km warranty.
History: The earliest public in Germany since World War II began in 1947, related to the re-manufacturing, with 60 years of history. By 2008, the Volkswagen Group increased to 10,300 kinds of re-manufacturing model, total engine re-manufacturing 7.7 million units, 2.8 million and 68 million sets of transmission parts. In the field of diesel and other commercial vehicles, car prices in China have already begun re-manufacturing, but in gasoline passenger cars, the public can say is the first.
● Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company Projects:
Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company, and FAW Volkswagen joint venture project for the construction, plant factory in Dalian Jinzhou District area, close to public EA888 engine and the DSG automatic transmission production lines. Project was first launched in September 2010 and was officially put into operation in August 2011. The project is also popular in Germany than the first set and then create the project.
Re-create the initial project investment of 100 million, mainly related to the early re-EA888 powertrain manufacturing, but also including post-EA111, EA431 and EA113, a total of 6 engines and automatic transmission DQ200 remanufacturing. Project initial annual capacity of 5,000 units by 2014 plans for the saturation capacity of 15,000 units (pieces). Applicable models include the FAW - Volkswagen Magotan, Jetta, Golf GTI, Audi Q5, Audi A4L and Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan, Hao Rui, Octavia etc.
The project currently has more than 30 technicians and 8 engineers, engines can be completed one day's 20-30 dismantling and re-manufacturing tasks.
In addition, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian has also established a long-term quality analysis center, which focused on the engine or transmission in China, under the conditions and driving habits of Chinese long-distance running after a failure mode resulting from the accumulation of data and analysis, to provide for future R & D data.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
● engine re-manufacturing plant visit
After reading the above, we re-create the definition, I believe we have an understanding. But may still have doubts about the heart, the remanufactured engine can guarantee quality? Here we combine factory visits in some cases, through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, marking, testing (thermal test) 7-step display, so that everyone on this new project has an understanding.
When the old engine was recovered after the replacement, the first pre-cleaning is carried out, aimed at dismantling the engine before the oil removal, rust. After they entered the dismantling link. The first part of dismantling the engine crankshaft and other components after the demolition, rotary engine, and then removed the oil pan and other components. Removed by order of the different parts, according to steel, plastic, aluminum and other materials for four different classified into four different preparations of the big box in the wash
The originator of the urban SUV Toyota RAV4 cars history introduction
Speaking of urban SUV, RAV4 can be regarded as the originator of stage models, after 20 years of automobile market changes, and always maintain the city SUV vane position, by virtue of superior performance and excellent quality has been recognized and sought after the world's consumers . With the introduction of new models recently, RAV4 has once again become the focus of our attention, while at the same time in the new car market, might as well let us look back on the historical development of the Toyota RAV4.
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been intro
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been intro
The originator of the urban SUV Toyota RAV4 cars history introduction
Speaking of urban SUV, RAV4 can be regarded as the originator of stage models, after 20 years of automobile market changes, and always maintain the city SUV vane position, by virtue of superior performance and excellent quality has been recognized and sought after the world's consumers . With the introduction of new models recently, RAV4 has once again become the focus of our attention, while at the same time in the new car market, might as well let us look back on the historical development of the Toyota RAV4.
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been introduced in the market in mid-1998. It is the three-door RAV4, based on the front and rear removable hard top soft top with together.
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
Speaking of urban SUV, RAV4 can be regarded as the originator of stage models, after 20 years of automobile market changes, and always maintain the city SUV vane position, by virtue of superior performance and excellent quality has been recognized and sought after the world's consumers . With the introduction of new models recently, RAV4 has once again become the focus of our attention, while at the same time in the new car market, might as well let us look back on the historical development of the Toyota RAV4.
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been introduced in the market in mid-1998. It is the three-door RAV4, based on the front and rear removable hard top soft top with together.
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
duced in the market in mid-1998. It is the three-door RAV4, based on the front and rear removable hard top soft top with together.
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
Swedish luxury car history introduces Volvo S80
Speaking of Volvo cars, many people may first think of the word "safety", yes, volvo company's founder from the company founded on the emphasis the use of car safety. As Volvo's flagship models, Volvo S80 is the combination of all high-tech in a Volvo, the luxury of as much as any other similar models, and today we just all work together to review about the historical development of the Volvo S80.
Volvo S80's predecessor: Volvo 960 / Volvo S90 Introduction
"Volvo 960"
Looking back, in fact, the birth of the Volvo S80 is not a long time, since 1998, only 13 years since the birth of time, before it is Volvo's flagship model, the Volvo 960 and Volvo S90, which is today Volvo S80's predecessor. One was born in 1990, Volvo 960, 960 equipped with a 3.0 inline six-cylinder engine, at the time, 6-cylinder engine, features such as displacement of more than 3.0 can be described as a synonym for luxury cars. While 960 is also equipped with the most advanced security technologies, such as: inertia-reel seat belts and automatic rear adjustable head restraints. In addition, the rear seat center armrest position can also choose to install the integrated child safety seats, outstanding safety performance for the car has won several international awards.
"Volvo S90"
In 1997, Volvo has adopted a new naming system, S for sedan cars, V on behalf of multi-purpose vehicle (station wagon), C on behalf of, or convertible sports car, the Volvo 960 series which will be renamed S90 . Changes in the models, in addition to the name outside, S90's interior and exterior have been subtle changes, such as: facelift new wheels, light group of simple design and so on. The power is still used on the 960 series engine models. As the successor model 960 sedan, the Volvo S90 in 1997 only to 1998 production year.
The first generation Volvo S80 (1998-2006 year)
Set of environmental / luxury cars in one
"Green Volvo ECC concept car"
Speaking of first-generation S80, Volvo can not say environmentally friendly concept car ECC (Environmental Concept Car), because in the latter part of the S80 models come with ECC in appearance to maintain a high consistency. There are also such as S40, V50 and other models in the front and rear bumper design style were also transplanted the concept of ECC, ECC revealed a very clear and the broad contours of future Volvo models. In addition, ergonomic interior design, interior materials, environmental protection, safety body structure and innovative SIPS side impact protection system and side airbags were designed to be a striking bright spot on the post-S80.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In 1998, the Volvo S90 flagship model discontinued, unveiled the first generation of the formal launch of the Volvo S80, Volvo S80 is built on the Ford EUCD platform, the first car, from birth, S80 has become fertile Calvo's flagship luxury sedan, the Volvo luxury car show image, enhance the market position of the most important strategic product.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In design, the first generation Volvo S80 is almost complete environmental protection to keep the ECC concept car design, a change in the previous 960, S90 range of children's pure business, sport and fashion into a more design elements, not only the body lines become more smooth, and re-design of the front face is also very aggressive, in addition to the classic horseshoe-shaped rear taillights are still in use.
In interior design, Volvo S80 is more biased in favor of American style, the overall design to large heavy-based, the integration of a number of wooden decoration, to increase somewhat for the entire interior luxury, in addition to multi-function steering wheel, "villain" type air-conditioning vent control buttons, also reflects the Volvo S80's user-friendly design.
In power, the first-generation Volvo S80 There are many different types of engines to choose from. Includes two 2.4L inline five-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, power was 104 kW (140 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp); a 2.4T turbocharged engine, maximum power of 147 kilowatts (200 hp); two section 2.9L 6-cylinder engine, maximum power of 150 kW (204 hp) and 200 kW (272 hp); a 2.5L turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine displacement, maximum power of 155 kW (211 hp), and finally There is a twin-turbo 3.0L inline six-cylinder engine, maximum power of 200 kW (272 hp).
Also worth mentioning are the first generation Volvo S80 in the design also incorporates a number of innovative technologies, including for the first time in the Volvo S80 used on speakerphone, so that motorists driving more focused; The second is the horizontal layout of the engine, the technology makes the whole car's exterior design has become more compact. Third, the Volvo S80 was first put forward the concept of environmentally friendly cars, more consideration in the design to the fuel economy, vehicle life, and the use of interior materials, etc., for the future of the brand Volvo Development has set a clear direction.
"Swedish princess wedding team"
Because the birth of the S80, Volvo's customer list to start adding more flash name: Swedish royal family, the Spanish royal family, the Arab prince, former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell ... actor Keanu. Reeves, singer Avril children, large Directed by Donald Suse Lan, writer John Urwin ...
Volvo S80's predecessor: Volvo 960 / Volvo S90 Introduction
"Volvo 960"
Looking back, in fact, the birth of the Volvo S80 is not a long time, since 1998, only 13 years since the birth of time, before it is Volvo's flagship model, the Volvo 960 and Volvo S90, which is today Volvo S80's predecessor. One was born in 1990, Volvo 960, 960 equipped with a 3.0 inline six-cylinder engine, at the time, 6-cylinder engine, features such as displacement of more than 3.0 can be described as a synonym for luxury cars. While 960 is also equipped with the most advanced security technologies, such as: inertia-reel seat belts and automatic rear adjustable head restraints. In addition, the rear seat center armrest position can also choose to install the integrated child safety seats, outstanding safety performance for the car has won several international awards.
"Volvo S90"
In 1997, Volvo has adopted a new naming system, S for sedan cars, V on behalf of multi-purpose vehicle (station wagon), C on behalf of, or convertible sports car, the Volvo 960 series which will be renamed S90 . Changes in the models, in addition to the name outside, S90's interior and exterior have been subtle changes, such as: facelift new wheels, light group of simple design and so on. The power is still used on the 960 series engine models. As the successor model 960 sedan, the Volvo S90 in 1997 only to 1998 production year.
The first generation Volvo S80 (1998-2006 year)
Set of environmental / luxury cars in one
"Green Volvo ECC concept car"
Speaking of first-generation S80, Volvo can not say environmentally friendly concept car ECC (Environmental Concept Car), because in the latter part of the S80 models come with ECC in appearance to maintain a high consistency. There are also such as S40, V50 and other models in the front and rear bumper design style were also transplanted the concept of ECC, ECC revealed a very clear and the broad contours of future Volvo models. In addition, ergonomic interior design, interior materials, environmental protection, safety body structure and innovative SIPS side impact protection system and side airbags were designed to be a striking bright spot on the post-S80.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In 1998, the Volvo S90 flagship model discontinued, unveiled the first generation of the formal launch of the Volvo S80, Volvo S80 is built on the Ford EUCD platform, the first car, from birth, S80 has become fertile Calvo's flagship luxury sedan, the Volvo luxury car show image, enhance the market position of the most important strategic product.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In design, the first generation Volvo S80 is almost complete environmental protection to keep the ECC concept car design, a change in the previous 960, S90 range of children's pure business, sport and fashion into a more design elements, not only the body lines become more smooth, and re-design of the front face is also very aggressive, in addition to the classic horseshoe-shaped rear taillights are still in use.
In interior design, Volvo S80 is more biased in favor of American style, the overall design to large heavy-based, the integration of a number of wooden decoration, to increase somewhat for the entire interior luxury, in addition to multi-function steering wheel, "villain" type air-conditioning vent control buttons, also reflects the Volvo S80's user-friendly design.
In power, the first-generation Volvo S80 There are many different types of engines to choose from. Includes two 2.4L inline five-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, power was 104 kW (140 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp); a 2.4T turbocharged engine, maximum power of 147 kilowatts (200 hp); two section 2.9L 6-cylinder engine, maximum power of 150 kW (204 hp) and 200 kW (272 hp); a 2.5L turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine displacement, maximum power of 155 kW (211 hp), and finally There is a twin-turbo 3.0L inline six-cylinder engine, maximum power of 200 kW (272 hp).
Also worth mentioning are the first generation Volvo S80 in the design also incorporates a number of innovative technologies, including for the first time in the Volvo S80 used on speakerphone, so that motorists driving more focused; The second is the horizontal layout of the engine, the technology makes the whole car's exterior design has become more compact. Third, the Volvo S80 was first put forward the concept of environmentally friendly cars, more consideration in the design to the fuel economy, vehicle life, and the use of interior materials, etc., for the future of the brand Volvo Development has set a clear direction.
"Swedish princess wedding team"
Because the birth of the S80, Volvo's customer list to start adding more flash name: Swedish royal family, the Spanish royal family, the Arab prince, former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell ... actor Keanu. Reeves, singer Avril children, large Directed by Donald Suse Lan, writer John Urwin ...
Sweden ghost car Koenig SEG History Review
So a car manufacturer, it is only workshop-style car factory, set up less than 20 years of automotive brands, only to double-digit annual production total, but 100 people full-time employees. It is not hype from which each vehicle are booking out early, even if such a long time, customers have no complaints. Its products are not as passionate as fire does not seem like Ferrari, Lamborghini, as morale, it's the car to run on the road and no one may be able to shout its name, but it produced of each vehicle can make fans crazy, this is the Swedish Koenigsegg (Koenig SEG). This issue will introduce the history of the brand niche Koenigsegg supercar brand development process.
Koenig SEG established in 1994, its creator is a Swede - Christie Anping Ke Ni Saige (Christian von Koenigsegg hereinafter referred to as Christian). Christian looked at his childhood, a Norwegian car animation film Pinchcliffe Grand Prix, the film has great influence on him, making their own supercar dream of becoming a Christian. In 1994, at the age of 22 he finally set up Koenig SEG Motor Company.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Two years later, the first a prototype CC was born. In this process, the Christian has been Volvo's strong support, in addition to providing capital, Volvo wind tunnel laboratory also provides Christian use, and the first loading of the engine is Volvo's mother Ford provided the company, but Koenig SEG and on this basis, the installation of a supercharger system.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Koenig SEG prototype of CC CC 8S in 1997 Cannes Film Festival in France on display, has been on display Koenig SEG very large concern, it also allows engineers Koenig SEG excited . With 后柯尼赛格 engineers but also on the CC 8S do more to improve. And in the 2000 Paris Motor Show officially released. First a production of CC 8S in 2002 formally delivered, then there four CC 8S being produced.
"CC 8S"
Koenig SEG end of each car are printed on a ghost sign, this is because Kony Seck car plant in the Swedish Air Force on an old airport, where once were very moment a large group of Swedish Air Force Base, To commemorate the heroes who fought, Coney Seck on the people in each car are labeled ghost sign. In addition to the respect for the Swedish fighter squadron, but also because they have a high-performance fighter aircraft Coney Seck sports car and high-performance fighter aircraft with the same capacity.
"CC 8S"
"CC 8S"
● CCR
In 2004, Koenig SEG released CCR, the car only produced 20. Coney Seck CCR body side lines watching the aircraft seemed like total lines, smooth curves created a drag coefficient of only 0.297. CCR can omit the center console to the keys are omitted. But the more important function is preserved, the style of function keys is relatively new, like a circle round the old-fashioned metal key phone keypad.
CCR engine from Ford, has been with the opposition once a 4.7-liter (Ford nominal 4.6 liters) V8 engine. The original power of 300 horsepower. The Koenig SEG as the engine is equipped with a Swedish manufacturer of professional Lysholm supercharger's mechanical supercharger, boost the value of maximum 1.4 bar, making the maximum power output of the CCR 806 hp and maximum torque 920N · m.
In the February 28, 2005, Nardo track in Italy, Koenig SEG CCR to 388.87km / h broke the then world's fastest production car speed record. And after September 2005, Bujiadiwei Air to 407.5km / h top speed once again set a Guinness Book of World Records. According to Koenig SEG's own test, and then launched the CCXR top speed reached 420km / h beyond the Wei Hang record.
Koenig SEG established in 1994, its creator is a Swede - Christie Anping Ke Ni Saige (Christian von Koenigsegg hereinafter referred to as Christian). Christian looked at his childhood, a Norwegian car animation film Pinchcliffe Grand Prix, the film has great influence on him, making their own supercar dream of becoming a Christian. In 1994, at the age of 22 he finally set up Koenig SEG Motor Company.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Two years later, the first a prototype CC was born. In this process, the Christian has been Volvo's strong support, in addition to providing capital, Volvo wind tunnel laboratory also provides Christian use, and the first loading of the engine is Volvo's mother Ford provided the company, but Koenig SEG and on this basis, the installation of a supercharger system.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Koenig SEG prototype of CC CC 8S in 1997 Cannes Film Festival in France on display, has been on display Koenig SEG very large concern, it also allows engineers Koenig SEG excited . With 后柯尼赛格 engineers but also on the CC 8S do more to improve. And in the 2000 Paris Motor Show officially released. First a production of CC 8S in 2002 formally delivered, then there four CC 8S being produced.
"CC 8S"
Koenig SEG end of each car are printed on a ghost sign, this is because Kony Seck car plant in the Swedish Air Force on an old airport, where once were very moment a large group of Swedish Air Force Base, To commemorate the heroes who fought, Coney Seck on the people in each car are labeled ghost sign. In addition to the respect for the Swedish fighter squadron, but also because they have a high-performance fighter aircraft Coney Seck sports car and high-performance fighter aircraft with the same capacity.
"CC 8S"
"CC 8S"
● CCR
In 2004, Koenig SEG released CCR, the car only produced 20. Coney Seck CCR body side lines watching the aircraft seemed like total lines, smooth curves created a drag coefficient of only 0.297. CCR can omit the center console to the keys are omitted. But the more important function is preserved, the style of function keys is relatively new, like a circle round the old-fashioned metal key phone keypad.
CCR engine from Ford, has been with the opposition once a 4.7-liter (Ford nominal 4.6 liters) V8 engine. The original power of 300 horsepower. The Koenig SEG as the engine is equipped with a Swedish manufacturer of professional Lysholm supercharger's mechanical supercharger, boost the value of maximum 1.4 bar, making the maximum power output of the CCR 806 hp and maximum torque 920N · m.
In the February 28, 2005, Nardo track in Italy, Koenig SEG CCR to 388.87km / h broke the then world's fastest production car speed record. And after September 2005, Bujiadiwei Air to 407.5km / h top speed once again set a Guinness Book of World Records. According to Koenig SEG's own test, and then launched the CCXR top speed reached 420km / h beyond the Wei Hang record.
Stuttgart history of the legendary Yamaha introduced the Porsche brand
When many European sports car are showing a very high profile and known to the world, the brand alone run a super sports car sector, both standing on the peak has done close to the people, and it comes from Stuttgart Yamaha - Paul when Jie. Porsche is not only a world famous car brand, but also represent the world's super sports car culture and its production of the Porsche 911 is by far the most popular in a car. Porsche to every idea is seen as an opportunity, in pursuit of the perfect performance can be made at the technical level of bold innovation, but in any case change, Porsche has consistently stuck to their unique design , it is this essence of the Porsche Porsche continue to adhere to Jubilant and guide their own style so far. This is the core of the Porsche brand: a strive to perfect standards.
The English logo used Porsche Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche, Germany's last name. Graphic logo with the company's coat of Stuttgart, where city emblem. Mark in the "STUTTGART" that the company is headquartered in Stuttgart; central Porsche is a symbol of the Prancing Horse has amazing explosive; top left and bottom right is the antler pattern that Stuttgart was a good place for hunting; the upper right and lower left side of the yellow stripe on behalf of ripe wheat, Yu said the bumper harvest, fertile land on behalf of black, red symbolizes the people's wisdom and love of nature. All this formed a beautiful pastoral landscape, a symbol of Porsche glorious past and bright future.
Ferdinand Porsche in 1899 -1951 the brilliant stage of life, and the Porsche brand building
Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche's (also translated as Ferdinand Porsche) was born in Austria in 1875, 1889, at the local grammar school and Reichenberg of the state vocational school after graduation, he entered his father's company to become a plumber apprentice.
In 1900, the Porsche involved in the design of the Lohner-Porsche electric car come out let him known in the world
Ferdinand Porsche can be said to be a genius, he was 24 years old (1899) had already invented the wheel sets of motors, 1900, Paris Motor Show Lohner-Porsche (Ronaldo / Porsche) Electric car, the car motor shaft design by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche will soon known in the world so. Was only 25 years old Ferdinand Porsche as a designer employed by Lohner depot, where he has shown outstanding talent.
Year 1906 -1930
Ferdinand Porsche was Daimler's chief engineer, and designed the Mercedes-Benz SS and SSK sports car
In 1906, Ferdinand Porsche to Daimler (Daimler) depot Austrian subsidiary, technical director, and in 1923 was promoted to chief engineer of Daimler Plant. In 1926, Daimler and Benz (Benz) Mercedes-Benz is now the depot into the depot. In 1928, Daimler, who is also technical guidance, and other staff members of the Board of Ferdinand Porsche invented the legendary Mercedes SS and SSK supercharged sports car. However, during this period suggested Ferdinand Porsche to Mercedes' production of civilian cars, "the offer was rejected by the board of directors at that time, Ferdinand Porsche eventually left the company. In 1992, Porsche and Mercedes-Benz with a short-term co-operation, this time to the fifth-generation E-Class Mercedes-Benz 300E introduced a prototype high-performance sedan 500E. The car can be said that all four-door coupe's ancestral home, it is equipped with 5.0-liter V8 engine, the maximum power output of 322 hp, torque 480 Nm. This is regarded as a bunch of unimaginable at the time of the data, also is equipped with 4-speed automatic transmission, 0-100 acceleration 6.1 seconds.
In 1931, Porsche Design was founded and designed the Volkswagen Beetle
March 6, 1931, Ferdinand Porsche in the help of several investors in Stuttgart established a design company specializing in automotive, aircraft and ship engines. This is the predecessor of today's Porsche AG. Subsequently, the Porsche began to work on "public car" development plan. Prototype was born in 1935, it is the public depot "Beetle." In 1938, under the direction of Ferdinand Porsche, Volkswagen's first production plant was established. Beetle has been in continuous production since fifty years and is the world's largest output of cars. In the 1930s, Ferdinand Porsche for Audi depot predecessor - AutoUnion designed the 3 high-performance car, this car is also considered several Porsche sports car's predecessor.
Little is known about the esteemed Dr., founded in addition to the Porsche car company now is obvious, most of German history to help people design and develop a well-known national car - the Beatles. During World War II, he also designed the striking terror into the battlefields of Europe Hitler's Tiger tanks. Because the relationship between him and the German Nazis after World War II, he was arrested by the Americans, and later handed over to France, sat two years in prison, was released in August 1947.
In 1948, the first Porsche 356 sports car was born from Ferdinand Porsche's son Ferry Porsche Design
After World War II in 1946, Porsche's design company moved to Austria, Ferdinand's son Ferry Porsche (Ferry Porsche) and its sister Louise Piech (Louise Piech) has formally joined the management team. In 1948, under the leadership of Ferry Porsche, Volkswagen parts with a 356-based sports car was born, this is the first Porsche named to the chassis sports car made by a light metal. 356 has a compact body, low drag coefficient, the maneuverability and flexibility in air-cooled engine and the engine after the Porsche classic rear-wheel drive layout, these features make it unique. But 356 of the "body" had just been designed by Porsche engineers, its parts, including engines, suspension system with the chassis, etc., are almost always borrowed from the public. The early prototype was 356 made from aluminum, but the cost proved that aluminum used in the production car is very unrealistic, so later or change the use of steel to build 356 body. 356 air-handling and excellent mechanical assembly quality, in early 1950 between fans on both sides of the Atlantic have a good assessment of the wind, so at that time whether in the street or in the racetrack are also will often see 356's figure.
Porsche 356 Series
In 1950, Porsche became an independent automobile manufacturers
In 1950, Porsche moved back to Stuttgart, then use the rented car manufacturing plant to establish a production plant, which Porsche as an independent car manufacturer. Ferdinand Porsche sports car to achieve the dream of making their own after the death in 1951.
The English logo used Porsche Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche, Germany's last name. Graphic logo with the company's coat of Stuttgart, where city emblem. Mark in the "STUTTGART" that the company is headquartered in Stuttgart; central Porsche is a symbol of the Prancing Horse has amazing explosive; top left and bottom right is the antler pattern that Stuttgart was a good place for hunting; the upper right and lower left side of the yellow stripe on behalf of ripe wheat, Yu said the bumper harvest, fertile land on behalf of black, red symbolizes the people's wisdom and love of nature. All this formed a beautiful pastoral landscape, a symbol of Porsche glorious past and bright future.
Ferdinand Porsche in 1899 -1951 the brilliant stage of life, and the Porsche brand building
Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche's (also translated as Ferdinand Porsche) was born in Austria in 1875, 1889, at the local grammar school and Reichenberg of the state vocational school after graduation, he entered his father's company to become a plumber apprentice.
In 1900, the Porsche involved in the design of the Lohner-Porsche electric car come out let him known in the world
Ferdinand Porsche can be said to be a genius, he was 24 years old (1899) had already invented the wheel sets of motors, 1900, Paris Motor Show Lohner-Porsche (Ronaldo / Porsche) Electric car, the car motor shaft design by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche will soon known in the world so. Was only 25 years old Ferdinand Porsche as a designer employed by Lohner depot, where he has shown outstanding talent.
Year 1906 -1930
Ferdinand Porsche was Daimler's chief engineer, and designed the Mercedes-Benz SS and SSK sports car
In 1906, Ferdinand Porsche to Daimler (Daimler) depot Austrian subsidiary, technical director, and in 1923 was promoted to chief engineer of Daimler Plant. In 1926, Daimler and Benz (Benz) Mercedes-Benz is now the depot into the depot. In 1928, Daimler, who is also technical guidance, and other staff members of the Board of Ferdinand Porsche invented the legendary Mercedes SS and SSK supercharged sports car. However, during this period suggested Ferdinand Porsche to Mercedes' production of civilian cars, "the offer was rejected by the board of directors at that time, Ferdinand Porsche eventually left the company. In 1992, Porsche and Mercedes-Benz with a short-term co-operation, this time to the fifth-generation E-Class Mercedes-Benz 300E introduced a prototype high-performance sedan 500E. The car can be said that all four-door coupe's ancestral home, it is equipped with 5.0-liter V8 engine, the maximum power output of 322 hp, torque 480 Nm. This is regarded as a bunch of unimaginable at the time of the data, also is equipped with 4-speed automatic transmission, 0-100 acceleration 6.1 seconds.
In 1931, Porsche Design was founded and designed the Volkswagen Beetle
March 6, 1931, Ferdinand Porsche in the help of several investors in Stuttgart established a design company specializing in automotive, aircraft and ship engines. This is the predecessor of today's Porsche AG. Subsequently, the Porsche began to work on "public car" development plan. Prototype was born in 1935, it is the public depot "Beetle." In 1938, under the direction of Ferdinand Porsche, Volkswagen's first production plant was established. Beetle has been in continuous production since fifty years and is the world's largest output of cars. In the 1930s, Ferdinand Porsche for Audi depot predecessor - AutoUnion designed the 3 high-performance car, this car is also considered several Porsche sports car's predecessor.
Little is known about the esteemed Dr., founded in addition to the Porsche car company now is obvious, most of German history to help people design and develop a well-known national car - the Beatles. During World War II, he also designed the striking terror into the battlefields of Europe Hitler's Tiger tanks. Because the relationship between him and the German Nazis after World War II, he was arrested by the Americans, and later handed over to France, sat two years in prison, was released in August 1947.
In 1948, the first Porsche 356 sports car was born from Ferdinand Porsche's son Ferry Porsche Design
After World War II in 1946, Porsche's design company moved to Austria, Ferdinand's son Ferry Porsche (Ferry Porsche) and its sister Louise Piech (Louise Piech) has formally joined the management team. In 1948, under the leadership of Ferry Porsche, Volkswagen parts with a 356-based sports car was born, this is the first Porsche named to the chassis sports car made by a light metal. 356 has a compact body, low drag coefficient, the maneuverability and flexibility in air-cooled engine and the engine after the Porsche classic rear-wheel drive layout, these features make it unique. But 356 of the "body" had just been designed by Porsche engineers, its parts, including engines, suspension system with the chassis, etc., are almost always borrowed from the public. The early prototype was 356 made from aluminum, but the cost proved that aluminum used in the production car is very unrealistic, so later or change the use of steel to build 356 body. 356 air-handling and excellent mechanical assembly quality, in early 1950 between fans on both sides of the Atlantic have a good assessment of the wind, so at that time whether in the street or in the racetrack are also will often see 356's figure.
Porsche 356 Series
In 1950, Porsche became an independent automobile manufacturers
In 1950, Porsche moved back to Stuttgart, then use the rented car manufacturing plant to establish a production plant, which Porsche as an independent car manufacturer. Ferdinand Porsche sports car to achieve the dream of making their own after the death in 1951.
Strong low-key historical review of Land Rover Discovery Series models
Land Rover Discovery (Discovery) Series models have unassuming appearance, low-key exudes from Land Rover's unique temperament, steady, while the luxury into one, it's tough to help its owner to conquer those potholes and obstacles This is the Land Rover Discovery. Land Rover Discovery Series models available only 20 years, with excellent off-road driving performance and excellent comfort, and more affordable than the price of Land Rover Range Rover consumers and Land Rover has won fans of all ages. The following editorial will join review found that models of development history.
● The first generation of Land Rover Discovery (1989 - 1998)
The late 1980s, Land Rover Defender and Range Rover with access to wide acclaim and consumer base, but with the continuous rise of the Japanese manufacturers, Toyota FJ series models and models such as Mitsubishi Pajero has been gradually consumer recognition, and quickly occupied the midsize SUV market. The Land Rover Range Rover SUV, under the medium is missing. Land Rover has turned the eyes of the rapid rise of new markets, so the Land Rover began a new car called Project Jay development plan. The Land Rover Discovery is the end product of this project.
In 1989, Land Rover released the first generation that model, the first Land Rover introduced a three-door version only found in the second year, Land Rover launched a five-door models. Found that models based on the Range Rover chassis and power systems to build. Although there is no Range Rover luxury car interiors, but the function is complete. The most important thing is that the price is only half the Range Rover was found soon after listing won the favor of consumers.
Power, the 2.5L diesel engine that was originally equipped with dual SU carburetors and use the 3.5L V8 gasoline engine. In 1990, the Land Rover brand-new facelift for the gasoline model EFI V8 engine. In the first generation of Land Rover's product cycle also has launched the 2.0L gasoline engine, which is the only generation equipped Land Rover Discovery 2.0L four-cylinder engine. As the United Kingdom was 2.0 and the following models significantly reduce the road tax, then, Land Rover introduced a carry from the Rover 2.0L four-cylinder engine models.
In 1995, the Land Rover with a 4.0L V8 engine replaces the previous 3.9L engine, Land Rover 4.0L engine sets a lot of this optimization, the original Lucas 14CUX EFI engine management systems for the Generic replacement engine management system to provide more accurate injection.
The first generation of Land Rover Discovery has also been marked change, Honda has launched the first-generation Land Rover Discovery for the subject, the car named the Honda Crossroad. This is because the Land Rover was also part of the British Rover (Rover) Automotive Group, in 1994, before the Rover Group and Honda have a good working relationship, which led to the discovery of marked change in Japan.
● The first generation of Land Rover Discovery (1989 - 1998)
The late 1980s, Land Rover Defender and Range Rover with access to wide acclaim and consumer base, but with the continuous rise of the Japanese manufacturers, Toyota FJ series models and models such as Mitsubishi Pajero has been gradually consumer recognition, and quickly occupied the midsize SUV market. The Land Rover Range Rover SUV, under the medium is missing. Land Rover has turned the eyes of the rapid rise of new markets, so the Land Rover began a new car called Project Jay development plan. The Land Rover Discovery is the end product of this project.
In 1989, Land Rover released the first generation that model, the first Land Rover introduced a three-door version only found in the second year, Land Rover launched a five-door models. Found that models based on the Range Rover chassis and power systems to build. Although there is no Range Rover luxury car interiors, but the function is complete. The most important thing is that the price is only half the Range Rover was found soon after listing won the favor of consumers.
Power, the 2.5L diesel engine that was originally equipped with dual SU carburetors and use the 3.5L V8 gasoline engine. In 1990, the Land Rover brand-new facelift for the gasoline model EFI V8 engine. In the first generation of Land Rover's product cycle also has launched the 2.0L gasoline engine, which is the only generation equipped Land Rover Discovery 2.0L four-cylinder engine. As the United Kingdom was 2.0 and the following models significantly reduce the road tax, then, Land Rover introduced a carry from the Rover 2.0L four-cylinder engine models.
In 1995, the Land Rover with a 4.0L V8 engine replaces the previous 3.9L engine, Land Rover 4.0L engine sets a lot of this optimization, the original Lucas 14CUX EFI engine management systems for the Generic replacement engine management system to provide more accurate injection.
The first generation of Land Rover Discovery has also been marked change, Honda has launched the first-generation Land Rover Discovery for the subject, the car named the Honda Crossroad. This is because the Land Rover was also part of the British Rover (Rover) Automotive Group, in 1994, before the Rover Group and Honda have a good working relationship, which led to the discovery of marked change in Japan.
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