In more than 80 years ago, people generally do not realize the importance of vehicle safety, and today, can make people immediately think of innovation has always been committed to safety, the car brand, it is none other than non-VOLVO Volvo. Security body, three-point seat belts, blind spot information system, dozens of active and passive safety technologies are from Volvo's hands. Of course, it has been in the field of environmental protection efforts. Below, please follow the author along with pursuing the development of Volvo car left the imprint.
Volvo logo
VOLVO's Chinese name "Volvo", but has also been called before the "rich." Volvo logo is composed of three parts, with an arrow inside a circle (diagonal direction of the arrow pointing right) is the ancient chemical symbol for iron. Volvo on behalf of the reason why the use of iron in the car's brand mark is to make people think of Sweden has a glorious tradition of iron and steel industry, and that a vehicle has a strong iron strength.
At the same time, set on the radiator from top left to bottom right diagonal tilt of a ribbon. The set originally for technical considerations, for a fixed mark in the grille on the car, then it has gradually evolved into a decorative sign and become the most obvious sign of Volvo cars. Of course, the Volvo logo indispensable there "VOLVO" word (used in all upper case).
VOLVO Origin
If that Volvo's history, it had to be traced back to 1915. SKF Bearings manufacturer at the time of each group of vehicles produced with the side of the ball and roller bearings, will be a "Volvo" five letters. With the automobile industry's position in the industrial production more and more important. To 1924, in the minds of the founders of the company SKF has already sprouted in Sweden the idea of building the vehicle manufacturing company. Until 1926, SKF board eventually approved the project, provide the necessary funds, and formally established the company AB Volvo.
20-30 years: Volvo early stages of development, security concept has become firmly rooted
1926-1927 years: Volvo's first car was born / knocked "safe"
ÖV4
Volvo's first car in April 14, 1927 came, the car is called the ÖV4, equipped with a four-cylinder engine. It is worth mentioning that the car factory in the year before, it has conducted its first crash tests. At that time, Volvo will be 9 ÖV4 models with a U.S. production car with the positive impact test. Results, it shall have been hit after the U.S. model in almost a pile of scrap metal. The ÖV4 is generally safe. Since then, volvo car set a safety car on the image, while on the other hand can be seen, Volvo's inception, we value the safety of the vehicle.
PV4
In ÖV4 market soon, Volvo launched the PV4 sedan, the company plans to produce 500 sections of the model, but Swedish consumers do not seem to buy it, the first two years, sold only 297 cars.
1928-1929 years: Volvo bumper assembly for vehicles has improved the overall sales
Although ov4 and PV4 sedan sales is not satisfactory, but still in 1928 Volvo introduced a derivative models PV4, PV4 long-wheelbase sedan. To be concerned about, the car models in the hood, while slightly longer than its normal, comes from the shape of the rear window and install the bumper. You know, at the time the vehicle bumper is not the standard.
In the same year, Volvo's first truck, Model "1" is officially off the assembly line and it is to win the market may be set. Later, the production of trucks and buses in the first few decades has become a major export product of Volvo.
PV651
To 1929, a 6-cylinder engine equipped with the PV651 to replace the previous 4-cylinder models ov4, compared to the former, PV651 longer, wider, more solid chassis. At the same time, this year, the company's sales also improved, sold 1383 vehicles, including 27 car export, export to distant areas and even Argentina and Panama.
1930-1935 years: Volvo continue to push new sales rising stock market success
Into the 30's, Volvo's sales steadily. Introduced only in 1930, more luxurious than the PV651 upgrade models PV652, but also from its parent company, SKF, where to buy Hisingen factory (then Volvo cars are produced in this factory).
1932 Volvo reached a milestone in the history of its making - "1 million vehicles off the assembly line." Until then, Volvo produced a total of 3800 cars and 6200 trucks.
PV653
In 1933, Volvo launched its luxury version of the PV653 and PV654. Before comparing models, the overall use of American car design, chassis and more resilient, and the engine also features noise version, and the first time all the tools are integrated into the driver's front. With the Volvo is more recognized, profits will increase. In 1934, AB VOLVO SKF hands of its parent company bought the remaining shares of the company. Turn, Volvo's shares on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
1936-1937 years: Volvo to try to produce the popular family cars
PV51
Following the introduction of luxury models PV36, 1936, Volvo brings the price even close to the people of the PV51 model, which can also be seen as a popular family car market, Volvo's first foray into the works. Although there is no PV36 luxury car, but a similar line shape and using the same 6-cylinder engine, making PV51 greater consumer appeal. By 1937, Volvo has introduced the PV52 models taking advantage of the car higher than the former configuration, but in other respects, is almost identical.
1938-1939 years: war-affected Volvo sales decline
In 1938, Volvo PV53 and PV54 in turn the standard model and the deluxe version of the PV55 and PV56 into the market. These cars are a new grille design. However, due to the impact of World War II, supplies of gasoline and an extreme shortage of quota system, thereby enabling the sales of Volvo in 1940 from 1937 to 7306 units slipped to 5900 units. During this period, production of gas burners alone Volvo cars and armed vehicles to maintain revenue.
Friday, September 30, 2011
Visiting the public very strict standard engine "remanufacturing"
What is "remanufacturing"
Definition: engine "re-create" different from the renovation or repair, but will recover after the dismantling of the engine clean, replace or repair the substandard parts and then assembling a new engine manufacturing standards, and finally restored to like this engine Like the original product's technical performance and product quality of the production process. In addition, transmission can also be "re-create." Of course, not what the engine can be re-manufacturing, normal wear and tear can be remanufactured, and damaged a car accident or violence is no longer manufactured.
Fix: re-manufacturing repair processes are mainly for parts repair method, size and dimensions Compensation Act Restoration Act. Parts and parts for different damage state, using the corresponding method. Initial production, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian for pieces of law, size-based compensation method, post-gradual development of size repair process.
Main processes: re-manufacturing, mainly through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, testing (thermal test), and other steps to fight identity engine repair, and to re-create the engine to achieve the same with the new engine standards. Marked by laser, "then" label remanufactured parts, will enter the sale, spare part, will not enter the car market, people can rest assured that buying a new car.
How to re-create the engine purchase and use: the use of remanufactured engine replacement model for sale. When you need to change the engine, the first, 4S stores will offer you a choice, "remanufactured" engines of opportunity, if you choose to replace the "remanufactured" engine, tested after passing the old engine will have your car will be "re-create" replacement price, if you replace the new EA888 engine originally planned price of the new machine about 6 million, then left in the old engine replacement income, then you just need to pay 30,000 yuan to dress up standards for new aircraft remanufacturing EA888 engine.
Advantage: re-create the project more economical resources, contribute to environmental protection. It is understood, then 60% of the manufacturing process energy, material recycling rate of 70%, 80% reduction in emissions. And consumer-related, the new machine and replacement compared to remanufactured engine cheaper, only 50%. The overhaul and compared, the advantages of remanufactured products is quality assurance, change speed, there is a need today, tomorrow you can put on.
Warranty: remanufactured engine and a new factory engine to enjoy the same 2-year or 60,000 km warranty.
History: The earliest public in Germany since World War II began in 1947, related to the re-manufacturing, with 60 years of history. By 2008, the Volkswagen Group increased to 10,300 kinds of re-manufacturing model, total engine re-manufacturing 7.7 million units, 2.8 million and 68 million sets of transmission parts. In the field of diesel and other commercial vehicles, car prices in China have already begun re-manufacturing, but in gasoline passenger cars, the public can say is the first.
● Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company Projects:
Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company, and FAW Volkswagen joint venture project for the construction, plant factory in Dalian Jinzhou District area, close to public EA888 engine and the DSG automatic transmission production lines. Project was first launched in September 2010 and was officially put into operation in August 2011. The project is also popular in Germany than the first set and then create the project.
Re-create the initial project investment of 100 million, mainly related to the early re-EA888 powertrain manufacturing, but also including post-EA111, EA431 and EA113, a total of 6 engines and automatic transmission DQ200 remanufacturing. Project initial annual capacity of 5,000 units by 2014 plans for the saturation capacity of 15,000 units (pieces). Applicable models include the FAW - Volkswagen Magotan, Jetta, Golf GTI, Audi Q5, Audi A4L and Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan, Hao Rui, Octavia etc.
The project currently has more than 30 technicians and 8 engineers, engines can be completed one day's 20-30 dismantling and re-manufacturing tasks.
In addition, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian has also established a long-term quality analysis center, which focused on the engine or transmission in China, under the conditions and driving habits of Chinese long-distance running after a failure mode resulting from the accumulation of data and analysis, to provide for future R & D data.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
● engine re-manufacturing plant visit
After reading the above, we re-create the definition, I believe we have an understanding. But may still have doubts about the heart, the remanufactured engine can guarantee quality? Here we combine factory visits in some cases, through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, marking, testing (thermal test) 7-step display, so that everyone on this new project has an understanding.
When the old engine was recovered after the replacement, the first pre-cleaning is carried out, aimed at dismantling the engine before the oil removal, rust. After they entered the dismantling link. The first part of dismantling the engine crankshaft and other components after the demolition, rotary engine, and then removed the oil pan and other components. Removed by order of the different parts, according to steel, plastic, aluminum and other materials for four different classified into four different preparations of the big box in the wash
Definition: engine "re-create" different from the renovation or repair, but will recover after the dismantling of the engine clean, replace or repair the substandard parts and then assembling a new engine manufacturing standards, and finally restored to like this engine Like the original product's technical performance and product quality of the production process. In addition, transmission can also be "re-create." Of course, not what the engine can be re-manufacturing, normal wear and tear can be remanufactured, and damaged a car accident or violence is no longer manufactured.
Fix: re-manufacturing repair processes are mainly for parts repair method, size and dimensions Compensation Act Restoration Act. Parts and parts for different damage state, using the corresponding method. Initial production, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian for pieces of law, size-based compensation method, post-gradual development of size repair process.
Main processes: re-manufacturing, mainly through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, testing (thermal test), and other steps to fight identity engine repair, and to re-create the engine to achieve the same with the new engine standards. Marked by laser, "then" label remanufactured parts, will enter the sale, spare part, will not enter the car market, people can rest assured that buying a new car.
How to re-create the engine purchase and use: the use of remanufactured engine replacement model for sale. When you need to change the engine, the first, 4S stores will offer you a choice, "remanufactured" engines of opportunity, if you choose to replace the "remanufactured" engine, tested after passing the old engine will have your car will be "re-create" replacement price, if you replace the new EA888 engine originally planned price of the new machine about 6 million, then left in the old engine replacement income, then you just need to pay 30,000 yuan to dress up standards for new aircraft remanufacturing EA888 engine.
Advantage: re-create the project more economical resources, contribute to environmental protection. It is understood, then 60% of the manufacturing process energy, material recycling rate of 70%, 80% reduction in emissions. And consumer-related, the new machine and replacement compared to remanufactured engine cheaper, only 50%. The overhaul and compared, the advantages of remanufactured products is quality assurance, change speed, there is a need today, tomorrow you can put on.
Warranty: remanufactured engine and a new factory engine to enjoy the same 2-year or 60,000 km warranty.
History: The earliest public in Germany since World War II began in 1947, related to the re-manufacturing, with 60 years of history. By 2008, the Volkswagen Group increased to 10,300 kinds of re-manufacturing model, total engine re-manufacturing 7.7 million units, 2.8 million and 68 million sets of transmission parts. In the field of diesel and other commercial vehicles, car prices in China have already begun re-manufacturing, but in gasoline passenger cars, the public can say is the first.
● Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company Projects:
Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) remanufacturing company, and FAW Volkswagen joint venture project for the construction, plant factory in Dalian Jinzhou District area, close to public EA888 engine and the DSG automatic transmission production lines. Project was first launched in September 2010 and was officially put into operation in August 2011. The project is also popular in Germany than the first set and then create the project.
Re-create the initial project investment of 100 million, mainly related to the early re-EA888 powertrain manufacturing, but also including post-EA111, EA431 and EA113, a total of 6 engines and automatic transmission DQ200 remanufacturing. Project initial annual capacity of 5,000 units by 2014 plans for the saturation capacity of 15,000 units (pieces). Applicable models include the FAW - Volkswagen Magotan, Jetta, Golf GTI, Audi Q5, Audi A4L and Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan, Hao Rui, Octavia etc.
The project currently has more than 30 technicians and 8 engineers, engines can be completed one day's 20-30 dismantling and re-manufacturing tasks.
In addition, re-manufacturing plant in Dalian has also established a long-term quality analysis center, which focused on the engine or transmission in China, under the conditions and driving habits of Chinese long-distance running after a failure mode resulting from the accumulation of data and analysis, to provide for future R & D data.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
● engine re-manufacturing plant visit
After reading the above, we re-create the definition, I believe we have an understanding. But may still have doubts about the heart, the remanufactured engine can guarantee quality? Here we combine factory visits in some cases, through dismantling, cleaning, selection, testing, assembly, marking, testing (thermal test) 7-step display, so that everyone on this new project has an understanding.
When the old engine was recovered after the replacement, the first pre-cleaning is carried out, aimed at dismantling the engine before the oil removal, rust. After they entered the dismantling link. The first part of dismantling the engine crankshaft and other components after the demolition, rotary engine, and then removed the oil pan and other components. Removed by order of the different parts, according to steel, plastic, aluminum and other materials for four different classified into four different preparations of the big box in the wash
The originator of the urban SUV Toyota RAV4 cars history introduction
Speaking of urban SUV, RAV4 can be regarded as the originator of stage models, after 20 years of automobile market changes, and always maintain the city SUV vane position, by virtue of superior performance and excellent quality has been recognized and sought after the world's consumers . With the introduction of new models recently, RAV4 has once again become the focus of our attention, while at the same time in the new car market, might as well let us look back on the historical development of the Toyota RAV4.
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been intro
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been intro
The originator of the urban SUV Toyota RAV4 cars history introduction
Speaking of urban SUV, RAV4 can be regarded as the originator of stage models, after 20 years of automobile market changes, and always maintain the city SUV vane position, by virtue of superior performance and excellent quality has been recognized and sought after the world's consumers . With the introduction of new models recently, RAV4 has once again become the focus of our attention, while at the same time in the new car market, might as well let us look back on the historical development of the Toyota RAV4.
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been introduced in the market in mid-1998. It is the three-door RAV4, based on the front and rear removable hard top soft top with together.
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
Speaking of urban SUV, RAV4 can be regarded as the originator of stage models, after 20 years of automobile market changes, and always maintain the city SUV vane position, by virtue of superior performance and excellent quality has been recognized and sought after the world's consumers . With the introduction of new models recently, RAV4 has once again become the focus of our attention, while at the same time in the new car market, might as well let us look back on the historical development of the Toyota RAV4.
● the birth of the first generation Toyota RAV4 (1989 - 2000)
Proposed "urban SUV" concept / fashion truly multi-purpose sports car
RAV4's name from "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive" the acronym meaning "leisure four-wheel drive sports car." In fact, the purpose of the original Toyota RAV4 research and development is very simple, it is hoped to have such a car, SUV, than the previous handling and economy to be better, but compared to ordinary cars but also have more space and a certain off-road performance, in this initial idea led, in 1989 Tokyo Motor Show concept car officially unveiled RAV4, the RAV4 and now we see different, then the concept is more like a big toy, and now The FJ Ze cool way like the style. But after four years after the birth, RAV4 concept car was completely new look, appearance again in 1993 Tokyo Motor Show, and mass production car publish the Geneva Motor Show in 1994, the market reaction was that it should be this long wait.
First time in May 1994 began selling the RAV4 in Japan is the three-door models (the same year in June in the UK), the first-generation RAV4 and the Corolla for the same platform to build, power on board the second generation Camry was used The 2.0L 16-valve four-cylinder engine, maximum power of 89 kilowatts (119 horsepower), and their match is a 5-speed manual gearbox and four-speed automatic transmission, while also providing two and four-wheel drive (optional differential lock) versions are available.
In the design, production of the first generation Toyota RAV4 completely subvert the 1989 debut of the concept car's design, compared to the previous concept car, the whole is more moderate, simple, very consistent with the style of the Toyota brand, in addition, three body design also gives the RAV4 a "mini" flu, and Jim feels like. In body size, the initial three-door models listed on a wheelbase of 2200mm, length and breadth were 3740mm/1695mm/1655mm, Bijimuni on the larger circle (Jim dimensions 3665mm/1600mm/1705mm) .
In interior design, three-door version listed first designed two models only, while the interior style has been counted at the time point of view is quite fashionable. In addition, security configuration, standard safety equipment includes driver's airbag, adjustable three-point seat belts and side impact protection to strengthen the device.
The first-generation RAV4 three versions listed, the first month in Japan, orders for more than 17,000 vehicles, while Toyota's original estimate of the number of orders is only 2000. This also means that, just to satisfy the initial domestic demand, Toyota Motomachi plant workers have to work overtime.
March 1995, the new five-door models to the market, five-door version more than three total body lengthened 400mm, reach 4140mm, also uses five internal design, front seat belt pre- tight control along with the five-door version of the release was with the introduction of market, and three-door RAV4 began in September 1995 seat belts equipped with pretensioners.
RAV4 in January 1996 U.S. debut, and the Toyota RAV4 also for all the models were significant improvements, including: dual front airbags became standard; after the introduction of high brake lights; also on the 2.0-liter 16-valve engine has been re-tuned, so that the overall engine noise smaller, cleaner emissions, front-wheel drive models are also introduced to the market in 1996.
1997 RAV4 is based on the original had some minor adjustment, including twenty-three version of the color models of the seat fabric and materials changes, and five-door to provide a power sunroof as an option, power windows version of the model also comes standard with a digital clock and on the large front speakers. In addition to the first generation model facelift, the 1997 Toyota also introduced the RAV4 EV electric car version of the RAV4, the car is assembled Ni-MH battery, can store 27 kwh battery, charging time can be life 190 km and Toyota offers 97,000 km battery warranty.
In 1998, RAV4 has undergone several major changes. External changes include a new grille, front bumper, multi-reflector headlamps and tail lights crystal diamond. Internal changes include: added a new digital odometer, dual cup holders, three-spoke steering wheel and audio system, but also on the door panels were changed. While three soft-top version of the RAV4 has been introduced in the market in mid-1998. It is the three-door RAV4, based on the front and rear removable hard top soft top with together.
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
duced in the market in mid-1998. It is the three-door RAV4, based on the front and rear removable hard top soft top with together.
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
1999 Toyota RAV4 Special Edition model in its offer on the movement style with perforated leather upholstery as an option, so once again set a small sport utility vehicle quality process standards. Since 1999, RAV4 Special Edition comes standard with body-color on both side decorative shield, mirrors and door handles. In addition, an increase of three new special edition colors (pearl white, metallic silver and elegant black) as an option
Swedish luxury car history introduces Volvo S80
Speaking of Volvo cars, many people may first think of the word "safety", yes, volvo company's founder from the company founded on the emphasis the use of car safety. As Volvo's flagship models, Volvo S80 is the combination of all high-tech in a Volvo, the luxury of as much as any other similar models, and today we just all work together to review about the historical development of the Volvo S80.
Volvo S80's predecessor: Volvo 960 / Volvo S90 Introduction
"Volvo 960"
Looking back, in fact, the birth of the Volvo S80 is not a long time, since 1998, only 13 years since the birth of time, before it is Volvo's flagship model, the Volvo 960 and Volvo S90, which is today Volvo S80's predecessor. One was born in 1990, Volvo 960, 960 equipped with a 3.0 inline six-cylinder engine, at the time, 6-cylinder engine, features such as displacement of more than 3.0 can be described as a synonym for luxury cars. While 960 is also equipped with the most advanced security technologies, such as: inertia-reel seat belts and automatic rear adjustable head restraints. In addition, the rear seat center armrest position can also choose to install the integrated child safety seats, outstanding safety performance for the car has won several international awards.
"Volvo S90"
In 1997, Volvo has adopted a new naming system, S for sedan cars, V on behalf of multi-purpose vehicle (station wagon), C on behalf of, or convertible sports car, the Volvo 960 series which will be renamed S90 . Changes in the models, in addition to the name outside, S90's interior and exterior have been subtle changes, such as: facelift new wheels, light group of simple design and so on. The power is still used on the 960 series engine models. As the successor model 960 sedan, the Volvo S90 in 1997 only to 1998 production year.
The first generation Volvo S80 (1998-2006 year)
Set of environmental / luxury cars in one
"Green Volvo ECC concept car"
Speaking of first-generation S80, Volvo can not say environmentally friendly concept car ECC (Environmental Concept Car), because in the latter part of the S80 models come with ECC in appearance to maintain a high consistency. There are also such as S40, V50 and other models in the front and rear bumper design style were also transplanted the concept of ECC, ECC revealed a very clear and the broad contours of future Volvo models. In addition, ergonomic interior design, interior materials, environmental protection, safety body structure and innovative SIPS side impact protection system and side airbags were designed to be a striking bright spot on the post-S80.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In 1998, the Volvo S90 flagship model discontinued, unveiled the first generation of the formal launch of the Volvo S80, Volvo S80 is built on the Ford EUCD platform, the first car, from birth, S80 has become fertile Calvo's flagship luxury sedan, the Volvo luxury car show image, enhance the market position of the most important strategic product.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In design, the first generation Volvo S80 is almost complete environmental protection to keep the ECC concept car design, a change in the previous 960, S90 range of children's pure business, sport and fashion into a more design elements, not only the body lines become more smooth, and re-design of the front face is also very aggressive, in addition to the classic horseshoe-shaped rear taillights are still in use.
In interior design, Volvo S80 is more biased in favor of American style, the overall design to large heavy-based, the integration of a number of wooden decoration, to increase somewhat for the entire interior luxury, in addition to multi-function steering wheel, "villain" type air-conditioning vent control buttons, also reflects the Volvo S80's user-friendly design.
In power, the first-generation Volvo S80 There are many different types of engines to choose from. Includes two 2.4L inline five-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, power was 104 kW (140 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp); a 2.4T turbocharged engine, maximum power of 147 kilowatts (200 hp); two section 2.9L 6-cylinder engine, maximum power of 150 kW (204 hp) and 200 kW (272 hp); a 2.5L turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine displacement, maximum power of 155 kW (211 hp), and finally There is a twin-turbo 3.0L inline six-cylinder engine, maximum power of 200 kW (272 hp).
Also worth mentioning are the first generation Volvo S80 in the design also incorporates a number of innovative technologies, including for the first time in the Volvo S80 used on speakerphone, so that motorists driving more focused; The second is the horizontal layout of the engine, the technology makes the whole car's exterior design has become more compact. Third, the Volvo S80 was first put forward the concept of environmentally friendly cars, more consideration in the design to the fuel economy, vehicle life, and the use of interior materials, etc., for the future of the brand Volvo Development has set a clear direction.
"Swedish princess wedding team"
Because the birth of the S80, Volvo's customer list to start adding more flash name: Swedish royal family, the Spanish royal family, the Arab prince, former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell ... actor Keanu. Reeves, singer Avril children, large Directed by Donald Suse Lan, writer John Urwin ...
Volvo S80's predecessor: Volvo 960 / Volvo S90 Introduction
"Volvo 960"
Looking back, in fact, the birth of the Volvo S80 is not a long time, since 1998, only 13 years since the birth of time, before it is Volvo's flagship model, the Volvo 960 and Volvo S90, which is today Volvo S80's predecessor. One was born in 1990, Volvo 960, 960 equipped with a 3.0 inline six-cylinder engine, at the time, 6-cylinder engine, features such as displacement of more than 3.0 can be described as a synonym for luxury cars. While 960 is also equipped with the most advanced security technologies, such as: inertia-reel seat belts and automatic rear adjustable head restraints. In addition, the rear seat center armrest position can also choose to install the integrated child safety seats, outstanding safety performance for the car has won several international awards.
"Volvo S90"
In 1997, Volvo has adopted a new naming system, S for sedan cars, V on behalf of multi-purpose vehicle (station wagon), C on behalf of, or convertible sports car, the Volvo 960 series which will be renamed S90 . Changes in the models, in addition to the name outside, S90's interior and exterior have been subtle changes, such as: facelift new wheels, light group of simple design and so on. The power is still used on the 960 series engine models. As the successor model 960 sedan, the Volvo S90 in 1997 only to 1998 production year.
The first generation Volvo S80 (1998-2006 year)
Set of environmental / luxury cars in one
"Green Volvo ECC concept car"
Speaking of first-generation S80, Volvo can not say environmentally friendly concept car ECC (Environmental Concept Car), because in the latter part of the S80 models come with ECC in appearance to maintain a high consistency. There are also such as S40, V50 and other models in the front and rear bumper design style were also transplanted the concept of ECC, ECC revealed a very clear and the broad contours of future Volvo models. In addition, ergonomic interior design, interior materials, environmental protection, safety body structure and innovative SIPS side impact protection system and side airbags were designed to be a striking bright spot on the post-S80.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In 1998, the Volvo S90 flagship model discontinued, unveiled the first generation of the formal launch of the Volvo S80, Volvo S80 is built on the Ford EUCD platform, the first car, from birth, S80 has become fertile Calvo's flagship luxury sedan, the Volvo luxury car show image, enhance the market position of the most important strategic product.
"The first generation Volvo S80"
In design, the first generation Volvo S80 is almost complete environmental protection to keep the ECC concept car design, a change in the previous 960, S90 range of children's pure business, sport and fashion into a more design elements, not only the body lines become more smooth, and re-design of the front face is also very aggressive, in addition to the classic horseshoe-shaped rear taillights are still in use.
In interior design, Volvo S80 is more biased in favor of American style, the overall design to large heavy-based, the integration of a number of wooden decoration, to increase somewhat for the entire interior luxury, in addition to multi-function steering wheel, "villain" type air-conditioning vent control buttons, also reflects the Volvo S80's user-friendly design.
In power, the first-generation Volvo S80 There are many different types of engines to choose from. Includes two 2.4L inline five-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, power was 104 kW (140 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp); a 2.4T turbocharged engine, maximum power of 147 kilowatts (200 hp); two section 2.9L 6-cylinder engine, maximum power of 150 kW (204 hp) and 200 kW (272 hp); a 2.5L turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine displacement, maximum power of 155 kW (211 hp), and finally There is a twin-turbo 3.0L inline six-cylinder engine, maximum power of 200 kW (272 hp).
Also worth mentioning are the first generation Volvo S80 in the design also incorporates a number of innovative technologies, including for the first time in the Volvo S80 used on speakerphone, so that motorists driving more focused; The second is the horizontal layout of the engine, the technology makes the whole car's exterior design has become more compact. Third, the Volvo S80 was first put forward the concept of environmentally friendly cars, more consideration in the design to the fuel economy, vehicle life, and the use of interior materials, etc., for the future of the brand Volvo Development has set a clear direction.
"Swedish princess wedding team"
Because the birth of the S80, Volvo's customer list to start adding more flash name: Swedish royal family, the Spanish royal family, the Arab prince, former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell ... actor Keanu. Reeves, singer Avril children, large Directed by Donald Suse Lan, writer John Urwin ...
Sweden ghost car Koenig SEG History Review
So a car manufacturer, it is only workshop-style car factory, set up less than 20 years of automotive brands, only to double-digit annual production total, but 100 people full-time employees. It is not hype from which each vehicle are booking out early, even if such a long time, customers have no complaints. Its products are not as passionate as fire does not seem like Ferrari, Lamborghini, as morale, it's the car to run on the road and no one may be able to shout its name, but it produced of each vehicle can make fans crazy, this is the Swedish Koenigsegg (Koenig SEG). This issue will introduce the history of the brand niche Koenigsegg supercar brand development process.
Koenig SEG established in 1994, its creator is a Swede - Christie Anping Ke Ni Saige (Christian von Koenigsegg hereinafter referred to as Christian). Christian looked at his childhood, a Norwegian car animation film Pinchcliffe Grand Prix, the film has great influence on him, making their own supercar dream of becoming a Christian. In 1994, at the age of 22 he finally set up Koenig SEG Motor Company.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Two years later, the first a prototype CC was born. In this process, the Christian has been Volvo's strong support, in addition to providing capital, Volvo wind tunnel laboratory also provides Christian use, and the first loading of the engine is Volvo's mother Ford provided the company, but Koenig SEG and on this basis, the installation of a supercharger system.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Koenig SEG prototype of CC CC 8S in 1997 Cannes Film Festival in France on display, has been on display Koenig SEG very large concern, it also allows engineers Koenig SEG excited . With 后柯尼赛格 engineers but also on the CC 8S do more to improve. And in the 2000 Paris Motor Show officially released. First a production of CC 8S in 2002 formally delivered, then there four CC 8S being produced.
"CC 8S"
Koenig SEG end of each car are printed on a ghost sign, this is because Kony Seck car plant in the Swedish Air Force on an old airport, where once were very moment a large group of Swedish Air Force Base, To commemorate the heroes who fought, Coney Seck on the people in each car are labeled ghost sign. In addition to the respect for the Swedish fighter squadron, but also because they have a high-performance fighter aircraft Coney Seck sports car and high-performance fighter aircraft with the same capacity.
"CC 8S"
"CC 8S"
● CCR
In 2004, Koenig SEG released CCR, the car only produced 20. Coney Seck CCR body side lines watching the aircraft seemed like total lines, smooth curves created a drag coefficient of only 0.297. CCR can omit the center console to the keys are omitted. But the more important function is preserved, the style of function keys is relatively new, like a circle round the old-fashioned metal key phone keypad.
CCR engine from Ford, has been with the opposition once a 4.7-liter (Ford nominal 4.6 liters) V8 engine. The original power of 300 horsepower. The Koenig SEG as the engine is equipped with a Swedish manufacturer of professional Lysholm supercharger's mechanical supercharger, boost the value of maximum 1.4 bar, making the maximum power output of the CCR 806 hp and maximum torque 920N · m.
In the February 28, 2005, Nardo track in Italy, Koenig SEG CCR to 388.87km / h broke the then world's fastest production car speed record. And after September 2005, Bujiadiwei Air to 407.5km / h top speed once again set a Guinness Book of World Records. According to Koenig SEG's own test, and then launched the CCXR top speed reached 420km / h beyond the Wei Hang record.
Koenig SEG established in 1994, its creator is a Swede - Christie Anping Ke Ni Saige (Christian von Koenigsegg hereinafter referred to as Christian). Christian looked at his childhood, a Norwegian car animation film Pinchcliffe Grand Prix, the film has great influence on him, making their own supercar dream of becoming a Christian. In 1994, at the age of 22 he finally set up Koenig SEG Motor Company.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Two years later, the first a prototype CC was born. In this process, the Christian has been Volvo's strong support, in addition to providing capital, Volvo wind tunnel laboratory also provides Christian use, and the first loading of the engine is Volvo's mother Ford provided the company, but Koenig SEG and on this basis, the installation of a supercharger system.
"Christian von Koenigsegg"
Koenig SEG prototype of CC CC 8S in 1997 Cannes Film Festival in France on display, has been on display Koenig SEG very large concern, it also allows engineers Koenig SEG excited . With 后柯尼赛格 engineers but also on the CC 8S do more to improve. And in the 2000 Paris Motor Show officially released. First a production of CC 8S in 2002 formally delivered, then there four CC 8S being produced.
"CC 8S"
Koenig SEG end of each car are printed on a ghost sign, this is because Kony Seck car plant in the Swedish Air Force on an old airport, where once were very moment a large group of Swedish Air Force Base, To commemorate the heroes who fought, Coney Seck on the people in each car are labeled ghost sign. In addition to the respect for the Swedish fighter squadron, but also because they have a high-performance fighter aircraft Coney Seck sports car and high-performance fighter aircraft with the same capacity.
"CC 8S"
"CC 8S"
● CCR
In 2004, Koenig SEG released CCR, the car only produced 20. Coney Seck CCR body side lines watching the aircraft seemed like total lines, smooth curves created a drag coefficient of only 0.297. CCR can omit the center console to the keys are omitted. But the more important function is preserved, the style of function keys is relatively new, like a circle round the old-fashioned metal key phone keypad.
CCR engine from Ford, has been with the opposition once a 4.7-liter (Ford nominal 4.6 liters) V8 engine. The original power of 300 horsepower. The Koenig SEG as the engine is equipped with a Swedish manufacturer of professional Lysholm supercharger's mechanical supercharger, boost the value of maximum 1.4 bar, making the maximum power output of the CCR 806 hp and maximum torque 920N · m.
In the February 28, 2005, Nardo track in Italy, Koenig SEG CCR to 388.87km / h broke the then world's fastest production car speed record. And after September 2005, Bujiadiwei Air to 407.5km / h top speed once again set a Guinness Book of World Records. According to Koenig SEG's own test, and then launched the CCXR top speed reached 420km / h beyond the Wei Hang record.
Stuttgart history of the legendary Yamaha introduced the Porsche brand
When many European sports car are showing a very high profile and known to the world, the brand alone run a super sports car sector, both standing on the peak has done close to the people, and it comes from Stuttgart Yamaha - Paul when Jie. Porsche is not only a world famous car brand, but also represent the world's super sports car culture and its production of the Porsche 911 is by far the most popular in a car. Porsche to every idea is seen as an opportunity, in pursuit of the perfect performance can be made at the technical level of bold innovation, but in any case change, Porsche has consistently stuck to their unique design , it is this essence of the Porsche Porsche continue to adhere to Jubilant and guide their own style so far. This is the core of the Porsche brand: a strive to perfect standards.
The English logo used Porsche Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche, Germany's last name. Graphic logo with the company's coat of Stuttgart, where city emblem. Mark in the "STUTTGART" that the company is headquartered in Stuttgart; central Porsche is a symbol of the Prancing Horse has amazing explosive; top left and bottom right is the antler pattern that Stuttgart was a good place for hunting; the upper right and lower left side of the yellow stripe on behalf of ripe wheat, Yu said the bumper harvest, fertile land on behalf of black, red symbolizes the people's wisdom and love of nature. All this formed a beautiful pastoral landscape, a symbol of Porsche glorious past and bright future.
Ferdinand Porsche in 1899 -1951 the brilliant stage of life, and the Porsche brand building
Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche's (also translated as Ferdinand Porsche) was born in Austria in 1875, 1889, at the local grammar school and Reichenberg of the state vocational school after graduation, he entered his father's company to become a plumber apprentice.
In 1900, the Porsche involved in the design of the Lohner-Porsche electric car come out let him known in the world
Ferdinand Porsche can be said to be a genius, he was 24 years old (1899) had already invented the wheel sets of motors, 1900, Paris Motor Show Lohner-Porsche (Ronaldo / Porsche) Electric car, the car motor shaft design by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche will soon known in the world so. Was only 25 years old Ferdinand Porsche as a designer employed by Lohner depot, where he has shown outstanding talent.
Year 1906 -1930
Ferdinand Porsche was Daimler's chief engineer, and designed the Mercedes-Benz SS and SSK sports car
In 1906, Ferdinand Porsche to Daimler (Daimler) depot Austrian subsidiary, technical director, and in 1923 was promoted to chief engineer of Daimler Plant. In 1926, Daimler and Benz (Benz) Mercedes-Benz is now the depot into the depot. In 1928, Daimler, who is also technical guidance, and other staff members of the Board of Ferdinand Porsche invented the legendary Mercedes SS and SSK supercharged sports car. However, during this period suggested Ferdinand Porsche to Mercedes' production of civilian cars, "the offer was rejected by the board of directors at that time, Ferdinand Porsche eventually left the company. In 1992, Porsche and Mercedes-Benz with a short-term co-operation, this time to the fifth-generation E-Class Mercedes-Benz 300E introduced a prototype high-performance sedan 500E. The car can be said that all four-door coupe's ancestral home, it is equipped with 5.0-liter V8 engine, the maximum power output of 322 hp, torque 480 Nm. This is regarded as a bunch of unimaginable at the time of the data, also is equipped with 4-speed automatic transmission, 0-100 acceleration 6.1 seconds.
In 1931, Porsche Design was founded and designed the Volkswagen Beetle
March 6, 1931, Ferdinand Porsche in the help of several investors in Stuttgart established a design company specializing in automotive, aircraft and ship engines. This is the predecessor of today's Porsche AG. Subsequently, the Porsche began to work on "public car" development plan. Prototype was born in 1935, it is the public depot "Beetle." In 1938, under the direction of Ferdinand Porsche, Volkswagen's first production plant was established. Beetle has been in continuous production since fifty years and is the world's largest output of cars. In the 1930s, Ferdinand Porsche for Audi depot predecessor - AutoUnion designed the 3 high-performance car, this car is also considered several Porsche sports car's predecessor.
Little is known about the esteemed Dr., founded in addition to the Porsche car company now is obvious, most of German history to help people design and develop a well-known national car - the Beatles. During World War II, he also designed the striking terror into the battlefields of Europe Hitler's Tiger tanks. Because the relationship between him and the German Nazis after World War II, he was arrested by the Americans, and later handed over to France, sat two years in prison, was released in August 1947.
In 1948, the first Porsche 356 sports car was born from Ferdinand Porsche's son Ferry Porsche Design
After World War II in 1946, Porsche's design company moved to Austria, Ferdinand's son Ferry Porsche (Ferry Porsche) and its sister Louise Piech (Louise Piech) has formally joined the management team. In 1948, under the leadership of Ferry Porsche, Volkswagen parts with a 356-based sports car was born, this is the first Porsche named to the chassis sports car made by a light metal. 356 has a compact body, low drag coefficient, the maneuverability and flexibility in air-cooled engine and the engine after the Porsche classic rear-wheel drive layout, these features make it unique. But 356 of the "body" had just been designed by Porsche engineers, its parts, including engines, suspension system with the chassis, etc., are almost always borrowed from the public. The early prototype was 356 made from aluminum, but the cost proved that aluminum used in the production car is very unrealistic, so later or change the use of steel to build 356 body. 356 air-handling and excellent mechanical assembly quality, in early 1950 between fans on both sides of the Atlantic have a good assessment of the wind, so at that time whether in the street or in the racetrack are also will often see 356's figure.
Porsche 356 Series
In 1950, Porsche became an independent automobile manufacturers
In 1950, Porsche moved back to Stuttgart, then use the rented car manufacturing plant to establish a production plant, which Porsche as an independent car manufacturer. Ferdinand Porsche sports car to achieve the dream of making their own after the death in 1951.
The English logo used Porsche Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche, Germany's last name. Graphic logo with the company's coat of Stuttgart, where city emblem. Mark in the "STUTTGART" that the company is headquartered in Stuttgart; central Porsche is a symbol of the Prancing Horse has amazing explosive; top left and bottom right is the antler pattern that Stuttgart was a good place for hunting; the upper right and lower left side of the yellow stripe on behalf of ripe wheat, Yu said the bumper harvest, fertile land on behalf of black, red symbolizes the people's wisdom and love of nature. All this formed a beautiful pastoral landscape, a symbol of Porsche glorious past and bright future.
Ferdinand Porsche in 1899 -1951 the brilliant stage of life, and the Porsche brand building
Porsche founder Ferdinand Porsche's (also translated as Ferdinand Porsche) was born in Austria in 1875, 1889, at the local grammar school and Reichenberg of the state vocational school after graduation, he entered his father's company to become a plumber apprentice.
In 1900, the Porsche involved in the design of the Lohner-Porsche electric car come out let him known in the world
Ferdinand Porsche can be said to be a genius, he was 24 years old (1899) had already invented the wheel sets of motors, 1900, Paris Motor Show Lohner-Porsche (Ronaldo / Porsche) Electric car, the car motor shaft design by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche will soon known in the world so. Was only 25 years old Ferdinand Porsche as a designer employed by Lohner depot, where he has shown outstanding talent.
Year 1906 -1930
Ferdinand Porsche was Daimler's chief engineer, and designed the Mercedes-Benz SS and SSK sports car
In 1906, Ferdinand Porsche to Daimler (Daimler) depot Austrian subsidiary, technical director, and in 1923 was promoted to chief engineer of Daimler Plant. In 1926, Daimler and Benz (Benz) Mercedes-Benz is now the depot into the depot. In 1928, Daimler, who is also technical guidance, and other staff members of the Board of Ferdinand Porsche invented the legendary Mercedes SS and SSK supercharged sports car. However, during this period suggested Ferdinand Porsche to Mercedes' production of civilian cars, "the offer was rejected by the board of directors at that time, Ferdinand Porsche eventually left the company. In 1992, Porsche and Mercedes-Benz with a short-term co-operation, this time to the fifth-generation E-Class Mercedes-Benz 300E introduced a prototype high-performance sedan 500E. The car can be said that all four-door coupe's ancestral home, it is equipped with 5.0-liter V8 engine, the maximum power output of 322 hp, torque 480 Nm. This is regarded as a bunch of unimaginable at the time of the data, also is equipped with 4-speed automatic transmission, 0-100 acceleration 6.1 seconds.
In 1931, Porsche Design was founded and designed the Volkswagen Beetle
March 6, 1931, Ferdinand Porsche in the help of several investors in Stuttgart established a design company specializing in automotive, aircraft and ship engines. This is the predecessor of today's Porsche AG. Subsequently, the Porsche began to work on "public car" development plan. Prototype was born in 1935, it is the public depot "Beetle." In 1938, under the direction of Ferdinand Porsche, Volkswagen's first production plant was established. Beetle has been in continuous production since fifty years and is the world's largest output of cars. In the 1930s, Ferdinand Porsche for Audi depot predecessor - AutoUnion designed the 3 high-performance car, this car is also considered several Porsche sports car's predecessor.
Little is known about the esteemed Dr., founded in addition to the Porsche car company now is obvious, most of German history to help people design and develop a well-known national car - the Beatles. During World War II, he also designed the striking terror into the battlefields of Europe Hitler's Tiger tanks. Because the relationship between him and the German Nazis after World War II, he was arrested by the Americans, and later handed over to France, sat two years in prison, was released in August 1947.
In 1948, the first Porsche 356 sports car was born from Ferdinand Porsche's son Ferry Porsche Design
After World War II in 1946, Porsche's design company moved to Austria, Ferdinand's son Ferry Porsche (Ferry Porsche) and its sister Louise Piech (Louise Piech) has formally joined the management team. In 1948, under the leadership of Ferry Porsche, Volkswagen parts with a 356-based sports car was born, this is the first Porsche named to the chassis sports car made by a light metal. 356 has a compact body, low drag coefficient, the maneuverability and flexibility in air-cooled engine and the engine after the Porsche classic rear-wheel drive layout, these features make it unique. But 356 of the "body" had just been designed by Porsche engineers, its parts, including engines, suspension system with the chassis, etc., are almost always borrowed from the public. The early prototype was 356 made from aluminum, but the cost proved that aluminum used in the production car is very unrealistic, so later or change the use of steel to build 356 body. 356 air-handling and excellent mechanical assembly quality, in early 1950 between fans on both sides of the Atlantic have a good assessment of the wind, so at that time whether in the street or in the racetrack are also will often see 356's figure.
Porsche 356 Series
In 1950, Porsche became an independent automobile manufacturers
In 1950, Porsche moved back to Stuttgart, then use the rented car manufacturing plant to establish a production plant, which Porsche as an independent car manufacturer. Ferdinand Porsche sports car to achieve the dream of making their own after the death in 1951.
Strong low-key historical review of Land Rover Discovery Series models
Land Rover Discovery (Discovery) Series models have unassuming appearance, low-key exudes from Land Rover's unique temperament, steady, while the luxury into one, it's tough to help its owner to conquer those potholes and obstacles This is the Land Rover Discovery. Land Rover Discovery Series models available only 20 years, with excellent off-road driving performance and excellent comfort, and more affordable than the price of Land Rover Range Rover consumers and Land Rover has won fans of all ages. The following editorial will join review found that models of development history.
● The first generation of Land Rover Discovery (1989 - 1998)
The late 1980s, Land Rover Defender and Range Rover with access to wide acclaim and consumer base, but with the continuous rise of the Japanese manufacturers, Toyota FJ series models and models such as Mitsubishi Pajero has been gradually consumer recognition, and quickly occupied the midsize SUV market. The Land Rover Range Rover SUV, under the medium is missing. Land Rover has turned the eyes of the rapid rise of new markets, so the Land Rover began a new car called Project Jay development plan. The Land Rover Discovery is the end product of this project.
In 1989, Land Rover released the first generation that model, the first Land Rover introduced a three-door version only found in the second year, Land Rover launched a five-door models. Found that models based on the Range Rover chassis and power systems to build. Although there is no Range Rover luxury car interiors, but the function is complete. The most important thing is that the price is only half the Range Rover was found soon after listing won the favor of consumers.
Power, the 2.5L diesel engine that was originally equipped with dual SU carburetors and use the 3.5L V8 gasoline engine. In 1990, the Land Rover brand-new facelift for the gasoline model EFI V8 engine. In the first generation of Land Rover's product cycle also has launched the 2.0L gasoline engine, which is the only generation equipped Land Rover Discovery 2.0L four-cylinder engine. As the United Kingdom was 2.0 and the following models significantly reduce the road tax, then, Land Rover introduced a carry from the Rover 2.0L four-cylinder engine models.
In 1995, the Land Rover with a 4.0L V8 engine replaces the previous 3.9L engine, Land Rover 4.0L engine sets a lot of this optimization, the original Lucas 14CUX EFI engine management systems for the Generic replacement engine management system to provide more accurate injection.
The first generation of Land Rover Discovery has also been marked change, Honda has launched the first-generation Land Rover Discovery for the subject, the car named the Honda Crossroad. This is because the Land Rover was also part of the British Rover (Rover) Automotive Group, in 1994, before the Rover Group and Honda have a good working relationship, which led to the discovery of marked change in Japan.
● The first generation of Land Rover Discovery (1989 - 1998)
The late 1980s, Land Rover Defender and Range Rover with access to wide acclaim and consumer base, but with the continuous rise of the Japanese manufacturers, Toyota FJ series models and models such as Mitsubishi Pajero has been gradually consumer recognition, and quickly occupied the midsize SUV market. The Land Rover Range Rover SUV, under the medium is missing. Land Rover has turned the eyes of the rapid rise of new markets, so the Land Rover began a new car called Project Jay development plan. The Land Rover Discovery is the end product of this project.
In 1989, Land Rover released the first generation that model, the first Land Rover introduced a three-door version only found in the second year, Land Rover launched a five-door models. Found that models based on the Range Rover chassis and power systems to build. Although there is no Range Rover luxury car interiors, but the function is complete. The most important thing is that the price is only half the Range Rover was found soon after listing won the favor of consumers.
Power, the 2.5L diesel engine that was originally equipped with dual SU carburetors and use the 3.5L V8 gasoline engine. In 1990, the Land Rover brand-new facelift for the gasoline model EFI V8 engine. In the first generation of Land Rover's product cycle also has launched the 2.0L gasoline engine, which is the only generation equipped Land Rover Discovery 2.0L four-cylinder engine. As the United Kingdom was 2.0 and the following models significantly reduce the road tax, then, Land Rover introduced a carry from the Rover 2.0L four-cylinder engine models.
In 1995, the Land Rover with a 4.0L V8 engine replaces the previous 3.9L engine, Land Rover 4.0L engine sets a lot of this optimization, the original Lucas 14CUX EFI engine management systems for the Generic replacement engine management system to provide more accurate injection.
The first generation of Land Rover Discovery has also been marked change, Honda has launched the first-generation Land Rover Discovery for the subject, the car named the Honda Crossroad. This is because the Land Rover was also part of the British Rover (Rover) Automotive Group, in 1994, before the Rover Group and Honda have a good working relationship, which led to the discovery of marked change in Japan.
Spokesman of the American luxury brand Cadillac introduced the history of
Spokesman of the American luxury brand Cadillac introduced the history of
Cadillac is GM's U.S. brands, known for the production of luxury cars, the more than century-old American luxury car brand, with all historical periods known for excellent products, we work together to understand the following Cadillac brand development process.
A ,1899-1906 Cadillac was born
1899-1902 Cadillac brand was founded
Cadillac Cadillac brand dates back to 1899, the predecessor to the establishment of the Detroit car company, after its establishment shortly after the 1902 reorganization of the company has experienced, and formally changed its name to Cadillac Motor Company. Chose "Cadillac (Cadillac)" name is to the French royal family - Anthony Simmons explorer Cadillac (Le Sieur Antoine de la Nothe Cadillac) to pay tribute, in 1701 he was the establishment of Detroit city.
While Cadillac's shield badge logo also symbolizes the royal honor, and its shape is also taken from the Cadillac emblem used by Mr.. Although this sign in September 1902 officially started, but until 1906 only to be officially registered as trademarks. The trademark in a hundred years of the development process experienced a total of up to three dozen large and small improvements.
Early in the development of Cadillac, owned by Henry M · Reland (Henry Martyn Leland) control, he is Reland Sherlock manager of the Le AG, automobile precision parts. And has worked in the Reland Henry Ford's different, Reland of "public car" not interested, he attaches great importance to precision machining, manufacturing quality and interchangeability of parts, and that this is the rapid increase production, expand the car scale of development the key.
1902-1906 Cadillac early years that laid the future of automotive product development form
The first Cadillac models
Henry M · Reland and Cadillac Oceola
On October 17, 1902, Cadillac produced its first car, a 10-horsepower engine that horizontal bar at the time the price $ 750. Its shape is like old-fashioned carriage, but at the time, it is one of the best car. In 1905, Cadillac introduced the world's first vehicle can carry two of the closed body car Oceola, the car laid the future development of the car form.
Two 1907-1994 -1972 Cadillac brand development of early
1907-1909 Cadillac brand was formally incorporated into the common arm
In 1907, Cadillac was established shortly after the company acquired by General Motors, but Reland and son Weier Fu is still left to continue development and operation of Cadillac. 1908 Cadillac standardized production as successful as the first to be awarded the London Royal Club Dewar Medal American car companies, and has a "world standard" in the world. In 1909, Cadillac has joined General Motors Corporation, since then, Cadillac more attention in the design of car and luxury car comfort.
1912-1949 Cadillac product was a breakthrough in technology
Cadillac Victoria Coupe
In 1912, the first Cadillac to electronic equipment in the car boot, lighting and ignition and re-Dewar medals, also became the first two received the award of the car manufacturer. 1914 Cadillac introduced America's first eight-cylinder engine. 1918 Cadillac manufactured Victoria Coupe. The car equipped with Delco Electronics Systems, the world's first mass-produced V8 engine used models, with 70 horsepower.
Cadillac V16 Sport Phaeton
1929-1930 synchronization as standard equipment and safety gear system is equipped on the Cadillac of glass products. The same in this period, the world's first 12-cylinder engine and 16-cylinder engines produced by the Cadillac. 1930 Cadillac V16 engine first invented for the bus. 1931 V16 Sport Phaeton landmark 16-cylinder engine for the first time this type of vehicle used in a large scale.
Cadillac Sixty Special
1941, Sixty Special models designed to introduce a fully automatic transmission equipment, Cadillac became the second largest automotive automatic transmission manufacturer. The end of 1949, Cadillac produced the first one million Cadillac car, and in the same year developed a historic high compression ratio, overhead valve, lightweight V8 engine.
1950-1972, Cadillac luxury products more
1957 Cadillac Eldorado
After half a century of development, the Cadillac of high-level car brand has gained recognition, to adapt their products more senior U.S. car market, bigger even longer, while adding more advanced configuration, so that the Cadillac brand is more popular. Produced in 1953 when this concept car is GM's traveling exhibition of the absolute star - dream car. Than the general standard of the car hood can be folded to lower 4 inches, light 400 pounds. 1957 models will reflect a real Eldorado Cadillac style, the car adopts new headlights and pillar-4 design. Standard equipment includes a low tire, since the opening and closing trunk, air suspension, air conditioners and a small bottle of perfume can be placed, including personal belongings storage room, with brushed steel roof, as well as Eldorado would cause a love at first sight like impulse.
Cadillac in the late 1950s early 1960s, has several innovative, to better enhance its quality. 1959 low-pressure Freon shock absorber, the 1960 automatically adjusts the brake, 1965, using the first set of vehicle air conditioning systems. In 1966, electronic devices and stereo radio hot seat has become one of the optional configuration.
1967 Eldorado models
1967 Eldorado for the first time with a front-wheel drive, as both elegant and sporty luxury car model. Popular in the 1960s and 1970s, "longer and wider lower" when the car, Cadillac has produced world-famous luxury cars. At that time, Cadillac Weile weight over 3000 pounds, length of over 230 inches, the engine uses 8.2 liters cylinder.
Cadillac is GM's U.S. brands, known for the production of luxury cars, the more than century-old American luxury car brand, with all historical periods known for excellent products, we work together to understand the following Cadillac brand development process.
A ,1899-1906 Cadillac was born
1899-1902 Cadillac brand was founded
Cadillac Cadillac brand dates back to 1899, the predecessor to the establishment of the Detroit car company, after its establishment shortly after the 1902 reorganization of the company has experienced, and formally changed its name to Cadillac Motor Company. Chose "Cadillac (Cadillac)" name is to the French royal family - Anthony Simmons explorer Cadillac (Le Sieur Antoine de la Nothe Cadillac) to pay tribute, in 1701 he was the establishment of Detroit city.
While Cadillac's shield badge logo also symbolizes the royal honor, and its shape is also taken from the Cadillac emblem used by Mr.. Although this sign in September 1902 officially started, but until 1906 only to be officially registered as trademarks. The trademark in a hundred years of the development process experienced a total of up to three dozen large and small improvements.
Early in the development of Cadillac, owned by Henry M · Reland (Henry Martyn Leland) control, he is Reland Sherlock manager of the Le AG, automobile precision parts. And has worked in the Reland Henry Ford's different, Reland of "public car" not interested, he attaches great importance to precision machining, manufacturing quality and interchangeability of parts, and that this is the rapid increase production, expand the car scale of development the key.
1902-1906 Cadillac early years that laid the future of automotive product development form
The first Cadillac models
Henry M · Reland and Cadillac Oceola
On October 17, 1902, Cadillac produced its first car, a 10-horsepower engine that horizontal bar at the time the price $ 750. Its shape is like old-fashioned carriage, but at the time, it is one of the best car. In 1905, Cadillac introduced the world's first vehicle can carry two of the closed body car Oceola, the car laid the future development of the car form.
Two 1907-1994 -1972 Cadillac brand development of early
1907-1909 Cadillac brand was formally incorporated into the common arm
In 1907, Cadillac was established shortly after the company acquired by General Motors, but Reland and son Weier Fu is still left to continue development and operation of Cadillac. 1908 Cadillac standardized production as successful as the first to be awarded the London Royal Club Dewar Medal American car companies, and has a "world standard" in the world. In 1909, Cadillac has joined General Motors Corporation, since then, Cadillac more attention in the design of car and luxury car comfort.
1912-1949 Cadillac product was a breakthrough in technology
Cadillac Victoria Coupe
In 1912, the first Cadillac to electronic equipment in the car boot, lighting and ignition and re-Dewar medals, also became the first two received the award of the car manufacturer. 1914 Cadillac introduced America's first eight-cylinder engine. 1918 Cadillac manufactured Victoria Coupe. The car equipped with Delco Electronics Systems, the world's first mass-produced V8 engine used models, with 70 horsepower.
Cadillac V16 Sport Phaeton
1929-1930 synchronization as standard equipment and safety gear system is equipped on the Cadillac of glass products. The same in this period, the world's first 12-cylinder engine and 16-cylinder engines produced by the Cadillac. 1930 Cadillac V16 engine first invented for the bus. 1931 V16 Sport Phaeton landmark 16-cylinder engine for the first time this type of vehicle used in a large scale.
Cadillac Sixty Special
1941, Sixty Special models designed to introduce a fully automatic transmission equipment, Cadillac became the second largest automotive automatic transmission manufacturer. The end of 1949, Cadillac produced the first one million Cadillac car, and in the same year developed a historic high compression ratio, overhead valve, lightweight V8 engine.
1950-1972, Cadillac luxury products more
1957 Cadillac Eldorado
After half a century of development, the Cadillac of high-level car brand has gained recognition, to adapt their products more senior U.S. car market, bigger even longer, while adding more advanced configuration, so that the Cadillac brand is more popular. Produced in 1953 when this concept car is GM's traveling exhibition of the absolute star - dream car. Than the general standard of the car hood can be folded to lower 4 inches, light 400 pounds. 1957 models will reflect a real Eldorado Cadillac style, the car adopts new headlights and pillar-4 design. Standard equipment includes a low tire, since the opening and closing trunk, air suspension, air conditioners and a small bottle of perfume can be placed, including personal belongings storage room, with brushed steel roof, as well as Eldorado would cause a love at first sight like impulse.
Cadillac in the late 1950s early 1960s, has several innovative, to better enhance its quality. 1959 low-pressure Freon shock absorber, the 1960 automatically adjusts the brake, 1965, using the first set of vehicle air conditioning systems. In 1966, electronic devices and stereo radio hot seat has become one of the optional configuration.
1967 Eldorado models
1967 Eldorado for the first time with a front-wheel drive, as both elegant and sporty luxury car model. Popular in the 1960s and 1970s, "longer and wider lower" when the car, Cadillac has produced world-famous luxury cars. At that time, Cadillac Weile weight over 3000 pounds, length of over 230 inches, the engine uses 8.2 liters cylinder.
Review has disappeared auto brands - Mercury introduced the history of
For most Chinese fans, Mercury may be strange, in fact, Mercury is a 71-year history with the traditional American car brands. Unfortunately, most people have not had time to understand the Mercury when it has been quietly exit the stage of history. Today we follow all look back on the history of Mercury brand, recall this story, not to explore the reasons for its decline, only to forget that period can not be brilliant.
● The establishment of the brand (1935-1945 year)
In 1935, Henry Ford's son, Ed Russell Ford designed a more luxurious car models, and Ford had different models, this model should be more high-end performance but also more powerful, he would like to it is also the Ford brand with the previous classification, and he proposed the establishment of a more upscale vehicle than Ford production line. Ford's management was also aware of the economy is indeed in the Ford and Lincoln luxury market gaps still exist between, on the formal launch in 1935, the Mercury Mercury brands.
Ford's Mercury brand in the beginning is just a department, there is no unique model or the introduction of an independent trade mark, its main job is to find the North American market positioning, and analysis of their city to the competitors. In addition, it is a Ford product performance department, in Ford's new R & D work.
"The first Mercury automobile Mercury 8"
In 1938, Mercury brand's first successful car design, was named Mercury 8 (Mercury 8), its power with its equipped with a maximum power of 95 horsepower V8 engine, when the price of $ 918. After the introduction of the new car is almost an instant sensation, first year sales reached 65,000 units, occupied when the car market share of 2.19%. Until 1941 years ago, Mercury 8 in the U.S. market has been sold 155,000 units.
1941, by 1945 the impact of the Second World War, production was interrupted by Mercury. In 1945, Ford, Mercury and Lincoln brands will be combined to set up a Lincoln - Mercury division by Sen Fute (Henry Ford II's younger brother) in charge. Department is still engaged in the research and development of new Ford vehicles.
● Initial brand positioning and development (1949-1969 year)
1949 Mercury have their own independent LOGO. Ford Mercury Cars Mercury is the solar system as a vehicle graphic mark, its mark in a circle with three planets in the path, it is tempting to think Ford has a space science and technology and Macross creativity.
"1956 Park Lane (Park Lane)."
"1957 Turnpike Cruiser (highway cruiser)"
In the decade after World War II (1945-1955 years), although the Mercury brand has introduced a new model, but almost no significant impact, Park Lane (Park Lane) and the Turnpike Cruiser (Road Cruiser) models such as the production time is not long.
"1958 Edsel Ranger."
In 1958, another car brand Ford Edsel to join Lincoln - Mercury Division, Edsel was established to jointly overcome with Mercury at the time alongside high-end models in the U.S. market, because at the time General Motors has three mid-range brands that Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick, and Chrysler's Dodge and De Soto car also has the brand. But unfortunately, the Edsel brand is not successful, the end of 1959 it announced the collapse.
Although the Mercury brand with the brothers Edsel quickly closed down, but the Mercury brand, but at this time ushered in a period of rapid development in the late 1950s, market-proven platform with the Ford model of production with the very successful model, most of its models are based on the Ford platform, and into some of the elements of luxury Lincoln models, making the Mercury gradually developed into a unique form of high-performance car brand.
"1962 Mercury S-55"
From the early 1960s to the early 1970s, Mercury began to creep out of the Ford vehicle production platform, developed several independent models, such as: Turnpike Cruiser highway cruiser (then Mercury's flagship model), Park Lane Park Lane, Marquis Marquis and so on. At this time developed a model worthy of mention are the Mercury S-55, this model should be regarded as Mercury's first sports car, its still the same platform with the Ford Galaxie build, there are 2, 4 3 doors and 2-door convertible models to choose from, and power on its equipped with a maximum power of 300 horsepower V8 engine, when the market price of about $ 3,500.
"1967 Cougar (Puma)"
"It was with a separate cougar lion flag"
In addition to the above model, the famous Cougar (Cougar) also born in the 1960s, the model is based on the Ford Mustang (Mustang) sports car, equipped with V8 engine, power up to 390 horsepower. The model 1967 date of birth, has been extended production to 2002, experienced a total of eight generations, in addition to this model there is a racing version, and in 1968 participated in the NASCAR (NCSCC) racing to get the championship.
● The establishment of the brand (1935-1945 year)
In 1935, Henry Ford's son, Ed Russell Ford designed a more luxurious car models, and Ford had different models, this model should be more high-end performance but also more powerful, he would like to it is also the Ford brand with the previous classification, and he proposed the establishment of a more upscale vehicle than Ford production line. Ford's management was also aware of the economy is indeed in the Ford and Lincoln luxury market gaps still exist between, on the formal launch in 1935, the Mercury Mercury brands.
Ford's Mercury brand in the beginning is just a department, there is no unique model or the introduction of an independent trade mark, its main job is to find the North American market positioning, and analysis of their city to the competitors. In addition, it is a Ford product performance department, in Ford's new R & D work.
"The first Mercury automobile Mercury 8"
In 1938, Mercury brand's first successful car design, was named Mercury 8 (Mercury 8), its power with its equipped with a maximum power of 95 horsepower V8 engine, when the price of $ 918. After the introduction of the new car is almost an instant sensation, first year sales reached 65,000 units, occupied when the car market share of 2.19%. Until 1941 years ago, Mercury 8 in the U.S. market has been sold 155,000 units.
1941, by 1945 the impact of the Second World War, production was interrupted by Mercury. In 1945, Ford, Mercury and Lincoln brands will be combined to set up a Lincoln - Mercury division by Sen Fute (Henry Ford II's younger brother) in charge. Department is still engaged in the research and development of new Ford vehicles.
● Initial brand positioning and development (1949-1969 year)
1949 Mercury have their own independent LOGO. Ford Mercury Cars Mercury is the solar system as a vehicle graphic mark, its mark in a circle with three planets in the path, it is tempting to think Ford has a space science and technology and Macross creativity.
"1956 Park Lane (Park Lane)."
"1957 Turnpike Cruiser (highway cruiser)"
In the decade after World War II (1945-1955 years), although the Mercury brand has introduced a new model, but almost no significant impact, Park Lane (Park Lane) and the Turnpike Cruiser (Road Cruiser) models such as the production time is not long.
"1958 Edsel Ranger."
In 1958, another car brand Ford Edsel to join Lincoln - Mercury Division, Edsel was established to jointly overcome with Mercury at the time alongside high-end models in the U.S. market, because at the time General Motors has three mid-range brands that Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick, and Chrysler's Dodge and De Soto car also has the brand. But unfortunately, the Edsel brand is not successful, the end of 1959 it announced the collapse.
Although the Mercury brand with the brothers Edsel quickly closed down, but the Mercury brand, but at this time ushered in a period of rapid development in the late 1950s, market-proven platform with the Ford model of production with the very successful model, most of its models are based on the Ford platform, and into some of the elements of luxury Lincoln models, making the Mercury gradually developed into a unique form of high-performance car brand.
"1962 Mercury S-55"
From the early 1960s to the early 1970s, Mercury began to creep out of the Ford vehicle production platform, developed several independent models, such as: Turnpike Cruiser highway cruiser (then Mercury's flagship model), Park Lane Park Lane, Marquis Marquis and so on. At this time developed a model worthy of mention are the Mercury S-55, this model should be regarded as Mercury's first sports car, its still the same platform with the Ford Galaxie build, there are 2, 4 3 doors and 2-door convertible models to choose from, and power on its equipped with a maximum power of 300 horsepower V8 engine, when the market price of about $ 3,500.
"1967 Cougar (Puma)"
"It was with a separate cougar lion flag"
In addition to the above model, the famous Cougar (Cougar) also born in the 1960s, the model is based on the Ford Mustang (Mustang) sports car, equipped with V8 engine, power up to 390 horsepower. The model 1967 date of birth, has been extended production to 2002, experienced a total of eight generations, in addition to this model there is a racing version, and in 1968 participated in the NASCAR (NCSCC) racing to get the championship.
Practitioner of Japanese luxury brand Acura introduced the brand history
Filed Acura brand, and now we think it is the first of Honda's luxury car brand, think TL was sharp as Phantom of the Opera-like shape, but also dare to think that money and European off-road SUV performance to challenge the MDX. This is for the Acura brand, technology, products, sure, if anyone can remember, as the first Japanese luxury car brand, Acura, was born in the United States at the beginning 25 years ago when suffering from doubt and to create a reputation with excellent product Legends do with sales? Now, on with our historical understanding of the brand into the issue, a question to them to know this praise from the Japanese luxury brand's first practitioner - Acura.
Acura (Acura)
Acura (Acura) was founded background
Honda is to open up new markets in North America Gambling
As we all know, Acura (Acura) is a Japanese Honda's luxury brand, but it is born in the United States, or that it is Honda's luxury car market in North America to capture the creation of the brand. We also know that in Japanese car firms large-scale occupation of the U.S. auto market the 1970s, not only because of its stable product quality, the most important reason is the Japanese car with low fuel consumption, low-price advantage, which is by the time the oil crisis, economic Depression and the United States result-oriented policies and regulations, but also with the Honda Civic and other environmental and economic quality of reliable models, as the U.S. economy on the market leader in car sales.
Before the launch of the product in the Acura, Honda's cars in the U.S. market only the Accord the best
But in the 1980's, gone with the oil crisis and the advent of economic recovery, the U.S. auto market surge in demand for luxury cars, the competition is fierce. To BMW, Mercedes, Audi, represented by the European luxury brands, with luxury and performance cars, accounted for the high-end market. But this time Honda has only 3 explicitly for the budget conscious who have prepared models, they are in even the most expensive Accord priced far less than $ 20,000, and the luxury of basic equipment, such as electric cars windows and leather interior, at that time Honda products are rarely seen, so there has been such a dilemma: Early Honda owners in income growth, because there is no choice of Honda cars, have turned to buying European luxury brand. Although Honda was working on a position in the Accord models on top of the senior models, but considering the Honda brand of livelihood inherent in the economic and practical image already deep into the American people, therefore, the idea of gambling as a senior in the Honda around the corner - - the introduction of world-class first Japanese luxury car brand.
The early 1980s to 1986: Acura (Acura) brand in the brewing and Honda's birth
Second Division start sales network
We mentioned, in the early 1980s, Honda to enter the luxury car market, has developed a new model positioned above the Accord's advanced models, which Honda is known within the HX, later named the Legend, which uses independent suspension and four-wheel disc brakes, and configure advanced stereo, air conditioning, antilock brakes, etc. were advanced configuration, priced up to $ 20,000, was almost twice the basic models of the Honda Accord. But the problem has cropped up, this luxury car if the dealer channel through the Honda original sale, not only will the existing dealer has been very busy overload, and Honda executives also believe that this high price will put together and Civic models sold very inconsistent. Therefore, in order to meet the demand for luxury car buyers, Honda will launch a new business unit. It will be completely separated with the Honda, a uniform independent distribution system, provide first-class customer service and sales experience second to none, the pursuit of a new division of luxury and performance. Internally, it is called the second distribution network.
1984: Acura (Acura) brand name was born
February 1984, American Honda officially confirmed its high-end market development. The second distribution network in the media rush to comment on the topic, many of them critics. Some commentators believe that Japanese luxury car brand to create the idea - especially from a production economy car company known for - but it is an unrealistic fantasy. Indeed, there was the BMW, Mercedes, Audi, represented by the European luxury brands accounted for the high-end car market in North America. Compared with European luxury brands, even if the three major U.S. automobile manufacturers also can hold a candle, let alone the Japanese economy car manufacturer. Although no one questioned the Honda can manufacture excellent car, but few people believe that Honda can compete with European luxury brands.
Regardless of how the media says, but Honda has been determined to break into the luxury car market strong opponents like clouds, the work continues. The division needs a new name, the task of naming the second distribution network fell to San Francisco, California Ira Bachrach's Namelab companies. September 1984, the new name announced: Acura. Name derived from the Latin "acu", which means superb precision machining or processing.
1986: Acura (Acura) brand dealership officially opened
March 27, 1986, the Acura brand dealership officially opened in the United States, announced the official birth of the Acura brand. A total of 60 first opened in Acura's sales shop, dealer network covering the United States, 18 states, all of the dealers have been very strict selection criteria, the dealer must have sufficient funds to afford the new sales shop building. Acura sales and store management insisted on setting up in major markets such as Los Angeles, New York, Seattle and throughout the United States luxury car sales strong momentum in place. In addition, new sales store and the separation of the existing Honda dealer, or even adjacent to each other. Also, store appearance to be unique, from feeling with the Honda dealer will be distinguished. With the first official sale of a car Acura, Honda's luxury brand also brewing for many years the official log the U.S. market, while Honda at this time also became the first luxury car market in the U.S. dare to eat crabs this big Japanese manufacturers, In the major U.S. auto companies eyes are focused on the Acura brand, Honda, we want to see this bold approach can work, especially Toyota and Nissan and other Japanese manufacturers.
Acura (Acura)
Acura (Acura) was founded background
Honda is to open up new markets in North America Gambling
As we all know, Acura (Acura) is a Japanese Honda's luxury brand, but it is born in the United States, or that it is Honda's luxury car market in North America to capture the creation of the brand. We also know that in Japanese car firms large-scale occupation of the U.S. auto market the 1970s, not only because of its stable product quality, the most important reason is the Japanese car with low fuel consumption, low-price advantage, which is by the time the oil crisis, economic Depression and the United States result-oriented policies and regulations, but also with the Honda Civic and other environmental and economic quality of reliable models, as the U.S. economy on the market leader in car sales.
Before the launch of the product in the Acura, Honda's cars in the U.S. market only the Accord the best
But in the 1980's, gone with the oil crisis and the advent of economic recovery, the U.S. auto market surge in demand for luxury cars, the competition is fierce. To BMW, Mercedes, Audi, represented by the European luxury brands, with luxury and performance cars, accounted for the high-end market. But this time Honda has only 3 explicitly for the budget conscious who have prepared models, they are in even the most expensive Accord priced far less than $ 20,000, and the luxury of basic equipment, such as electric cars windows and leather interior, at that time Honda products are rarely seen, so there has been such a dilemma: Early Honda owners in income growth, because there is no choice of Honda cars, have turned to buying European luxury brand. Although Honda was working on a position in the Accord models on top of the senior models, but considering the Honda brand of livelihood inherent in the economic and practical image already deep into the American people, therefore, the idea of gambling as a senior in the Honda around the corner - - the introduction of world-class first Japanese luxury car brand.
The early 1980s to 1986: Acura (Acura) brand in the brewing and Honda's birth
Second Division start sales network
We mentioned, in the early 1980s, Honda to enter the luxury car market, has developed a new model positioned above the Accord's advanced models, which Honda is known within the HX, later named the Legend, which uses independent suspension and four-wheel disc brakes, and configure advanced stereo, air conditioning, antilock brakes, etc. were advanced configuration, priced up to $ 20,000, was almost twice the basic models of the Honda Accord. But the problem has cropped up, this luxury car if the dealer channel through the Honda original sale, not only will the existing dealer has been very busy overload, and Honda executives also believe that this high price will put together and Civic models sold very inconsistent. Therefore, in order to meet the demand for luxury car buyers, Honda will launch a new business unit. It will be completely separated with the Honda, a uniform independent distribution system, provide first-class customer service and sales experience second to none, the pursuit of a new division of luxury and performance. Internally, it is called the second distribution network.
1984: Acura (Acura) brand name was born
February 1984, American Honda officially confirmed its high-end market development. The second distribution network in the media rush to comment on the topic, many of them critics. Some commentators believe that Japanese luxury car brand to create the idea - especially from a production economy car company known for - but it is an unrealistic fantasy. Indeed, there was the BMW, Mercedes, Audi, represented by the European luxury brands accounted for the high-end car market in North America. Compared with European luxury brands, even if the three major U.S. automobile manufacturers also can hold a candle, let alone the Japanese economy car manufacturer. Although no one questioned the Honda can manufacture excellent car, but few people believe that Honda can compete with European luxury brands.
Regardless of how the media says, but Honda has been determined to break into the luxury car market strong opponents like clouds, the work continues. The division needs a new name, the task of naming the second distribution network fell to San Francisco, California Ira Bachrach's Namelab companies. September 1984, the new name announced: Acura. Name derived from the Latin "acu", which means superb precision machining or processing.
1986: Acura (Acura) brand dealership officially opened
March 27, 1986, the Acura brand dealership officially opened in the United States, announced the official birth of the Acura brand. A total of 60 first opened in Acura's sales shop, dealer network covering the United States, 18 states, all of the dealers have been very strict selection criteria, the dealer must have sufficient funds to afford the new sales shop building. Acura sales and store management insisted on setting up in major markets such as Los Angeles, New York, Seattle and throughout the United States luxury car sales strong momentum in place. In addition, new sales store and the separation of the existing Honda dealer, or even adjacent to each other. Also, store appearance to be unique, from feeling with the Honda dealer will be distinguished. With the first official sale of a car Acura, Honda's luxury brand also brewing for many years the official log the U.S. market, while Honda at this time also became the first luxury car market in the U.S. dare to eat crabs this big Japanese manufacturers, In the major U.S. auto companies eyes are focused on the Acura brand, Honda, we want to see this bold approach can work, especially Toyota and Nissan and other Japanese manufacturers.
Perfect interpretation of the British MG brand of passion brief 90 year history
I believe most of the friends of MG (MG) brand awareness is being acquired from the beginning of MG, but the brand is acceptable for people to take over from the SAIC and MG MG6 after launch. MG may only know a lot of friends from the UK is a brand, not know the first MG cars from the production has now been 90 years. Will not know this from the UK and has a long history of the brand had a very long period of time hoot surprised European large scale events. As the number of experienced editors have had prolonged exposure to MG cars, the MG has shown movement is very appreciated, while the British MG cars the perfect combination of elegance and passion is even more fascinating. The following editorial will be the following article we outlined for the gene that has excellent brand sports history.
As the birthplace of the British Industrial Revolution, the British obsession with making machinery in the UK to promote the birth of a lot of change in the world of invention. British inventor James Watt of the steam engine improvements, complete the European production from manual labor to mechanical production changes, introduced the development of human civilization. The MG brand is in a period of rapid industrialization appeared. If the German Volkswagen's original intention was to create a car that everyone can afford, so original intention is to manufacture the MG sports everyone has a car.
The full name of the MG Morris Garages (Chinese: Morris Depot), Englishman William Morris is an established car sales dealers. 1877 Morris was born in Worcester, England. 3 years old, he came to Oxford with his family. The age of 15, he left school. In the late 19th century, cycling as a convenient and effective means of transport popular in Europe, the popular front was a large, rear-wheel small, front-wheel drive bicycle, riding this bike in time will sit very high, the British very fond of this bike. Until now, are still used in the design of this bike.
"William Morris family portrait, the second from the right for the William Morris"
Under the influence of the background at the time, there have been several around Oxford bicycle factory sizes. So Morris's first job is to find a bicycle repair. Young Morris diligent work seriously, but with lofty ideals, he was not satisfied with the status quo, he wants to become the automotive industry at home. A chance, contact Morris car, with a natural sensibility for mechanical and persistent love. The active-minded family to rely on the British started the 4 pounds, began his Qichezhilv.
"MG factory early photo"
1910 William Morris in Oxford, England established the Morris Garage, 33-year-old William Morris Oxford to become the first car dealers, but also the largest distributor of Oxford. By the original accumulation of seven years later, in 1920, Morris finally realized the dream of doing a home auto industry - the first car in town a Morris Cowley (Cowley) was created. At this moment, the William Morris to do to achieve the dream of a family automobile, Morris Garage from car sales have begun to car production.
In 1922, another of the far-reaching impact on the development of MG who joined the MG, which is . Kimber has worked in several automobile companies worked, he was a fanatical fans, in particular, interested in sports, and quite design talent, he designed a lot of beautiful styling.
At that time the British car market in the sports car is almost empty, Kimber is in this car market saw such an opportunity. So he boldly revised the Morris car, an ordinary Morris Cowley chassis are significantly lower and with a light movement of two lines to match the body. Since then, MG has its unique appearance, excellent performance, sporty, powerful force known. Since then, it has been the interpretation of "British-style campaign" means.
● 1924-1928 14 (28) / 14 (40) / 18 (80)
MG March 1924 produced its first series 14/28. "14" represents the concept of horsepower at the UK level, and "28" represents the actual output power of its own. Britain then being the new style of art and design, advocates a simple three-dimensional geometric forms to reflect the spirit of Cubism. MG is in this context, the innovative use of the "bid" design style, forming a special body styling, the whole body look great tension and attraction.
"MG 14 (28)"
In addition, in order to indicate the new car is not just for the Morris car modifications, Kimber use the British Anglican Church, the great tension of vault of heaven, firm, solid octagonal shape as the MG logo, making the original elliptical MORRIS logo give octagonal logo. The car standard has continued to the present, also witnessed the development process of the MG.
UK sports car market was a blank, Kimber With his passion for cars and automotive design talent to seize the unlimited opportunities for the development of the company, led his colleagues on this model to conduct a comprehensive and detailed improvements . They leveled the reed, which can lower the chassis. Adjust the tilt steering wheel, so he drove them more dynamic. While providing different radius wheel, because the wheels can choose different cars look more streamlined. And a convertible only 350 pounds more rapid increase in demand makes the 14/28. With the unique charm of MG 14/28, dynamic modeling in the competition in a dominant position.
"MG 14 (40)"
The end of 1926, MG was transformed from a "bid" to "flat nose" of the conversion, flat-mounted radiator car eventually become known as the 14/40 model. It has a new chassis structure - wide and short wheelbase, and slightly heavier than the original. The actual engine power output of 35 horsepower, maximum speed can reach 96km / h. Can be anticipated, and this model is very popular at that time the.
1928, MG has launched a new model 18/80 SIX. MG 18/80 SIX is the first air intake grille with vertical car, in the subsequent 20 years, the British automobile use this form factor, since the MG began to establish their own unique shape style. It is also the first MG car models with six-cylinder engine. Engine displacement of 2468cc, the engine cover and valve body are a single overhead camshaft and a standard third gear transmission configuration, as the braking system is operated using rod and rope. The use of a strong cylinder and dual SU carburetors, power up to 60 horsepower. In the road test, the car is the actual output power is 80 horsepower can easily reach. Such power at the time, drivers can make it in the UK countryside trail fun experience some drag racing fun.
"18/80 SIX"
● 1928-1932 M-Type Midget
Also in 1928, MG also introduced M-Type Midget, the car's speed can reach 64km / h. The price only needs 175 pounds. The car will be a listing be greatly welcomed, as long as half a century later years it was not shake the position. This mini-car chassis wheelbase is about 1981mm, wheelbase is about 1067mm, and with Wolseley's new four-cylinder engine design. M-Type Midget in front of the vertical power unit installed generators and overhead camshaft valve train.
"MG M Midget"
1930, MG Midget M based on the manufacture of a Double 12 edition of the Midget. The name comes from the Brooklands (Brooklands) "Double 12" racing. In the same year, Double 12 edition of the Midget become an overnight success in the competition, won the team prize laureate. This is an early MG received one of the most important awards, so MG reputation earthquake.
● 1932-1934 J1/J2 Midget
1932, MG Midget introduced the J-type models, instead of the M Type Midget car, which was the latest in a sports car, speed fast, beautiful appearance. The car most of the components are extended from the original models, while engineers carried out some innovative parts. Model J was the first one used MG wheelbase of 86 inches (about 1184 mm) chassis structure models. Tire size is 42 inches (about 1067 mm), with a not too appropriate to use 8-inch diameter cable operated drum brakes. Its fourth gear transmission from other Midget and Magna models evolved.
"J1 Midget"
"J2 Midget"
J high-speed four-cylinder car engine so that the maximum power of the Model J 36 horsepower, six-cylinder engine uses almost more than all the Midget and Magna models. It announced the birth of a cross flow using valve cylinder head and dual SU carburetors time has come.
● 1934-1936 K3 Magnette / NA Magnette
1932 -1934 began to design the MG K3 Magnette car is a car produced in the early passion and the speed of a typical representative. Its wheelbase is 2393mm, and uses approximately 330mm drum brakes. And equipped with a single overhead camshaft six-cylinder engine, while increasing engine power. K3 Magnette models of the displacement was reduced to 1087cc, to be included in the capacity of 1100cc level series being. The car oval racing track speed easily reached 168km / h, top speed can even reach 176km / h. This early production in 1930, the displacement of 1100cc cars were almost no car can do. Small displacement, but has so quickly, so think of the MG fans will feel excited.
1933 K3 models in the UK retail price of 795 pounds, the same level four times the J2 model, sales are restricted. But this is not important, because the purpose of manufacturing K3 model is to motor racing. Although sales because of the cost is not ideal. But 塞西尔金伯 has developed the car from a bad experience in the process and find ways you can make a successful sports car.
"K3 Magnette"
In 1934 it has just one factory in France, Le Mans 24 hour race in fourth. After K3 Magnette cars won numerous competitions, many times to break the world speed record, fans are affectionately known as "race monster." No exaggeration to say that K3 Magnette models have the speed history is the 1930 record of motor racing history. It is called the MG in the UK automotive history, remarkable achievements.
In the same year the spring, MG introduced two new models. One is the PA Midget, it replaces the model of popular J2; Another model is the NA Magnette. Both models use a newly developed four-cylinder MG and six-cylinder engine, the car body while two more spacious, better equipment, vehicle weight has increased slightly.
"PA Midget"
In fact, NA Magnette models with a longer wheelbase and track. The car's wheelbase is the first time in the history of MG 96 inches (2438mm), is the first time with 45 inches (1143mm) of the track. And using a more rigid chassis, in order to improve the stability of the body moving. The PA Midget cars had drum brakes are used, the new Bishop cam steering gear.
"NA Magnette"
Dynamic aspects, NA Magnette models with 1271cc displacement engine, exchange-type cylinder head, and has a dual semi-towed carburetor, a pair of refined exhaust manifold. Cylinder head and cylinder block are re-casting.
The late 1930s, the outbreak of World War II, the war cloud hung over the entire European continent. MG with other UK car makers, as in World War II also became a military production, the main production of aircraft engines. This phase of MG accumulated a wealth of engine technology, climb to the peak for the future laid a solid foundation. From 1933 to 1939, MG's annual sales increased rapidly from 5000 to 11,000 units, net profit soared from £ 7,500 to £ 200,000. This day became the most memorable years of MG, MG is the most glorious era
As the birthplace of the British Industrial Revolution, the British obsession with making machinery in the UK to promote the birth of a lot of change in the world of invention. British inventor James Watt of the steam engine improvements, complete the European production from manual labor to mechanical production changes, introduced the development of human civilization. The MG brand is in a period of rapid industrialization appeared. If the German Volkswagen's original intention was to create a car that everyone can afford, so original intention is to manufacture the MG sports everyone has a car.
The full name of the MG Morris Garages (Chinese: Morris Depot), Englishman William Morris is an established car sales dealers. 1877 Morris was born in Worcester, England. 3 years old, he came to Oxford with his family. The age of 15, he left school. In the late 19th century, cycling as a convenient and effective means of transport popular in Europe, the popular front was a large, rear-wheel small, front-wheel drive bicycle, riding this bike in time will sit very high, the British very fond of this bike. Until now, are still used in the design of this bike.
"William Morris family portrait, the second from the right for the William Morris"
Under the influence of the background at the time, there have been several around Oxford bicycle factory sizes. So Morris's first job is to find a bicycle repair. Young Morris diligent work seriously, but with lofty ideals, he was not satisfied with the status quo, he wants to become the automotive industry at home. A chance, contact Morris car, with a natural sensibility for mechanical and persistent love. The active-minded family to rely on the British started the 4 pounds, began his Qichezhilv.
"MG factory early photo"
1910 William Morris in Oxford, England established the Morris Garage, 33-year-old William Morris Oxford to become the first car dealers, but also the largest distributor of Oxford. By the original accumulation of seven years later, in 1920, Morris finally realized the dream of doing a home auto industry - the first car in town a Morris Cowley (Cowley) was created. At this moment, the William Morris to do to achieve the dream of a family automobile, Morris Garage from car sales have begun to car production.
In 1922, another of the far-reaching impact on the development of MG who joined the MG, which is . Kimber has worked in several automobile companies worked, he was a fanatical fans, in particular, interested in sports, and quite design talent, he designed a lot of beautiful styling.
At that time the British car market in the sports car is almost empty, Kimber is in this car market saw such an opportunity. So he boldly revised the Morris car, an ordinary Morris Cowley chassis are significantly lower and with a light movement of two lines to match the body. Since then, MG has its unique appearance, excellent performance, sporty, powerful force known. Since then, it has been the interpretation of "British-style campaign" means.
● 1924-1928 14 (28) / 14 (40) / 18 (80)
MG March 1924 produced its first series 14/28. "14" represents the concept of horsepower at the UK level, and "28" represents the actual output power of its own. Britain then being the new style of art and design, advocates a simple three-dimensional geometric forms to reflect the spirit of Cubism. MG is in this context, the innovative use of the "bid" design style, forming a special body styling, the whole body look great tension and attraction.
"MG 14 (28)"
In addition, in order to indicate the new car is not just for the Morris car modifications, Kimber use the British Anglican Church, the great tension of vault of heaven, firm, solid octagonal shape as the MG logo, making the original elliptical MORRIS logo give octagonal logo. The car standard has continued to the present, also witnessed the development process of the MG.
UK sports car market was a blank, Kimber With his passion for cars and automotive design talent to seize the unlimited opportunities for the development of the company, led his colleagues on this model to conduct a comprehensive and detailed improvements . They leveled the reed, which can lower the chassis. Adjust the tilt steering wheel, so he drove them more dynamic. While providing different radius wheel, because the wheels can choose different cars look more streamlined. And a convertible only 350 pounds more rapid increase in demand makes the 14/28. With the unique charm of MG 14/28, dynamic modeling in the competition in a dominant position.
"MG 14 (40)"
The end of 1926, MG was transformed from a "bid" to "flat nose" of the conversion, flat-mounted radiator car eventually become known as the 14/40 model. It has a new chassis structure - wide and short wheelbase, and slightly heavier than the original. The actual engine power output of 35 horsepower, maximum speed can reach 96km / h. Can be anticipated, and this model is very popular at that time the.
1928, MG has launched a new model 18/80 SIX. MG 18/80 SIX is the first air intake grille with vertical car, in the subsequent 20 years, the British automobile use this form factor, since the MG began to establish their own unique shape style. It is also the first MG car models with six-cylinder engine. Engine displacement of 2468cc, the engine cover and valve body are a single overhead camshaft and a standard third gear transmission configuration, as the braking system is operated using rod and rope. The use of a strong cylinder and dual SU carburetors, power up to 60 horsepower. In the road test, the car is the actual output power is 80 horsepower can easily reach. Such power at the time, drivers can make it in the UK countryside trail fun experience some drag racing fun.
"18/80 SIX"
● 1928-1932 M-Type Midget
Also in 1928, MG also introduced M-Type Midget, the car's speed can reach 64km / h. The price only needs 175 pounds. The car will be a listing be greatly welcomed, as long as half a century later years it was not shake the position. This mini-car chassis wheelbase is about 1981mm, wheelbase is about 1067mm, and with Wolseley's new four-cylinder engine design. M-Type Midget in front of the vertical power unit installed generators and overhead camshaft valve train.
"MG M Midget"
1930, MG Midget M based on the manufacture of a Double 12 edition of the Midget. The name comes from the Brooklands (Brooklands) "Double 12" racing. In the same year, Double 12 edition of the Midget become an overnight success in the competition, won the team prize laureate. This is an early MG received one of the most important awards, so MG reputation earthquake.
● 1932-1934 J1/J2 Midget
1932, MG Midget introduced the J-type models, instead of the M Type Midget car, which was the latest in a sports car, speed fast, beautiful appearance. The car most of the components are extended from the original models, while engineers carried out some innovative parts. Model J was the first one used MG wheelbase of 86 inches (about 1184 mm) chassis structure models. Tire size is 42 inches (about 1067 mm), with a not too appropriate to use 8-inch diameter cable operated drum brakes. Its fourth gear transmission from other Midget and Magna models evolved.
"J1 Midget"
"J2 Midget"
J high-speed four-cylinder car engine so that the maximum power of the Model J 36 horsepower, six-cylinder engine uses almost more than all the Midget and Magna models. It announced the birth of a cross flow using valve cylinder head and dual SU carburetors time has come.
● 1934-1936 K3 Magnette / NA Magnette
1932 -1934 began to design the MG K3 Magnette car is a car produced in the early passion and the speed of a typical representative. Its wheelbase is 2393mm, and uses approximately 330mm drum brakes. And equipped with a single overhead camshaft six-cylinder engine, while increasing engine power. K3 Magnette models of the displacement was reduced to 1087cc, to be included in the capacity of 1100cc level series being. The car oval racing track speed easily reached 168km / h, top speed can even reach 176km / h. This early production in 1930, the displacement of 1100cc cars were almost no car can do. Small displacement, but has so quickly, so think of the MG fans will feel excited.
1933 K3 models in the UK retail price of 795 pounds, the same level four times the J2 model, sales are restricted. But this is not important, because the purpose of manufacturing K3 model is to motor racing. Although sales because of the cost is not ideal. But 塞西尔金伯 has developed the car from a bad experience in the process and find ways you can make a successful sports car.
"K3 Magnette"
In 1934 it has just one factory in France, Le Mans 24 hour race in fourth. After K3 Magnette cars won numerous competitions, many times to break the world speed record, fans are affectionately known as "race monster." No exaggeration to say that K3 Magnette models have the speed history is the 1930 record of motor racing history. It is called the MG in the UK automotive history, remarkable achievements.
In the same year the spring, MG introduced two new models. One is the PA Midget, it replaces the model of popular J2; Another model is the NA Magnette. Both models use a newly developed four-cylinder MG and six-cylinder engine, the car body while two more spacious, better equipment, vehicle weight has increased slightly.
"PA Midget"
In fact, NA Magnette models with a longer wheelbase and track. The car's wheelbase is the first time in the history of MG 96 inches (2438mm), is the first time with 45 inches (1143mm) of the track. And using a more rigid chassis, in order to improve the stability of the body moving. The PA Midget cars had drum brakes are used, the new Bishop cam steering gear.
"NA Magnette"
Dynamic aspects, NA Magnette models with 1271cc displacement engine, exchange-type cylinder head, and has a dual semi-towed carburetor, a pair of refined exhaust manifold. Cylinder head and cylinder block are re-casting.
The late 1930s, the outbreak of World War II, the war cloud hung over the entire European continent. MG with other UK car makers, as in World War II also became a military production, the main production of aircraft engines. This phase of MG accumulated a wealth of engine technology, climb to the peak for the future laid a solid foundation. From 1933 to 1939, MG's annual sales increased rapidly from 5000 to 11,000 units, net profit soared from £ 7,500 to £ 200,000. This day became the most memorable years of MG, MG is the most glorious era
Perfect for the ultimate interpretation of the brand Pagani Brief History
Pagani (Pagani) is a famous manufacturer specializing in super sports car manufacturer, as with the famous Ferrari, born in the town known as ultra-running reputation of the Italian town of Modena. Pagani supercar produced by extreme performance, extensive use of hand-built craftsmanship, high price and order the production of rare production of known dimensions.
1992: Pagani brand was born
Expensive ultimate performance supercar fans hearts has been the most sacred spiritual leader, but because of the smaller audience reach, low production cost and economic impact of global factors such as the super sports car market has been erratic, although the lack of success has always been example, but failures are more common, many manufacturers make only short-lived, described the difficulty of their business beyond imagination. In this case, create a new brand will be exposed to greater risks, Mr. Ghani Argentine with extraordinary talent step by step, create their own brand Pagani.
Argentina F3 car original designer Ghani (Horacio Pagani) President in 1982 in the famous F1 champion Fangio (Fangio) of the proposal, came to Italy as Modena Lamborghini car manufacturing depot work. Pagani believe that carbon fiber material can effectively reduce vehicle weight and increase body rigidity, in the pursuit of performance super sports car body manufacturing should be widely used as a starting point, set up Pagani synthetic materials research. R & D results will be later applied to the famous Diablo cars models, success stories Pagani set up their own firm belief in the company. After continuous efforts, finally in 1992 in Modena Pagani set up their dream of super sports car manufacturing company, Pagani brand was born.
Mr. Ghani 1982 to the Italian car manufacturer Lamborghini depot work as a
1999 - 2010: The super sports car to the extreme - Pagani Zonda models of the birth and development
In Mr. Fan Jiao's help, Pagani and Mercedes agreed to use its models produced by the AMG V12 cylinder engine, in order to ensure its strong dynamic performance. To commemorate Mr. Fan Jiao for their help, Pagani car was originally intended to be named Fangio, but unfortunately, Mr. Fan Jiao Pagani not witnessed the birth of the brand's first sports car they passed away. Pagani 1999 Pagani brand officially launched the first super sports car, could not bear to use as their predecessors were taboo, the name was changed to the car Zonda, codenamed C12. The term refers to the Zonda is blowing from the Andes north of Argentina, the name also implies Pagani passing of Argentinean Mr. Fan Jiao feelings. At home, we gave him a more simple and straightforward name - Zonda.
1999 Pagani Zonda supercar launched the first generation
Zonda manufactured using a 7.0-liter V12 AMG-cylinder engine, power output 394 hp, peak torque of 570 Nm is reached. Carbon fiber material covered the entire body, but also by the carbon-fiber cars. Frame using super sports car is more commonly used steel tube. 1310 kg of weight and even lighter than the Diablo 140 kg. Zonda's shape also through wind tunnel tests. Front air dam, rear spoiler and the rectifier design can be 300 km / h vehicle speed when under the pressure of 500 kg, with body weight evenly, Zonda even in the more than 300 km / h ultra-high speed , still has a very high stability. Wedge-shaped nose and teardrop-shaped car glass car, design is very special, and the super sports car brand of the same period, other commonly used flat shape formed a great contrast. Such as the jet's rear exhaust pipes have become trademarks of this car Pagani Zonda.
Pagani Zonda car parts from various places, in addition to receiving Fangio had suggested the famous AMG engine, the other including leather, suspension, brakes and other components are also designed outside the plant on behalf of the commission workers, parts made by the design company and returned to Modena to complete assembly. This approach to ensure the quality of the various parts of the design costs, while it can be better controlled, although true, but the excellence of Mr. Pagani stick with hand-made some of the parts, so that each production cars are like works of art as delicate, leaving owners to enjoy ultra-running other brands can not honor given texture.
Zonda S models introduced to further strengthen the overall performance of the Pagani sports car
2002 Pagani supercar that need to be more robust dynamic performance, Zonda S models so listed, on the basis of the prototype car, the engine produced using AMG 7.3-liter V12 cylinder engine, the maximum horsepower increase to 555 horsepower, zero to one one hundred km / h acceleration time of 3.7 seconds for the amazing, powerful performance as the top super sports car that Ferrari and Lamborghini brands his former shame. With Houpajiani launched to Zonda C12 S convertible models based Zonda Roadster, to meet more needs of owners.
Zonda S models significantly improve the power performance, making it faster,
Then also introduced the first super sports car Zonda Roadster convertible
Introduced in 2005, Zonda F model, the Zonda to the extreme performance vehicle
Three years later, to commemorate the late driver Fangio, Pagani Zonda F launch vehicle. It is not just represent a new form and, more technically daring innovations: Zonda F, 60% of the parts before the Zonda S and completely different. Zonda F's power core is still re-tuned from the depot AMG 7.3-liter naturally aspirated V12 engine, maximum power output of 602 hp and maximum torque of 760 Nm staggering. The engine is equipped with such a fierce, Zonda F acceleration time is also very alarming ,0-100km / h acceleration takes only 3.6 seconds, while top speed is 345 km per hour is amazing.
Zonda F the whole car with a lot of expensive carbon fiber materials for the production, before the Zonda S than the full reduced by 80 kg, net weight of only 1230 kg, Zonda F Zonda S than its predecessor, 10 cm long, which extends forward to be attributed to nose, it has brought to the Zonda F more downforce. Improved aerodynamic components include carbon fiber rear wing, coupled with the combined effects of bottom diffuser, Zonda F in the speed of 300km / h obtained under the pressure close to 600 kilograms. Since the introduction of the Zonda F around the world continued to rack up the best lap time of the runway. British car show "Top Gear" test track best lap top, Zonda F created by the results is one stroke ahead of Ferrari Enzo, Maserati MC12 and other super sports car.
So much is to create super sports car, Pagani directly interpreted as the production of art is more appropriate, hand-built interior, called the fine, so far behind other super sports car brand
1992: Pagani brand was born
Expensive ultimate performance supercar fans hearts has been the most sacred spiritual leader, but because of the smaller audience reach, low production cost and economic impact of global factors such as the super sports car market has been erratic, although the lack of success has always been example, but failures are more common, many manufacturers make only short-lived, described the difficulty of their business beyond imagination. In this case, create a new brand will be exposed to greater risks, Mr. Ghani Argentine with extraordinary talent step by step, create their own brand Pagani.
Argentina F3 car original designer Ghani (Horacio Pagani) President in 1982 in the famous F1 champion Fangio (Fangio) of the proposal, came to Italy as Modena Lamborghini car manufacturing depot work. Pagani believe that carbon fiber material can effectively reduce vehicle weight and increase body rigidity, in the pursuit of performance super sports car body manufacturing should be widely used as a starting point, set up Pagani synthetic materials research. R & D results will be later applied to the famous Diablo cars models, success stories Pagani set up their own firm belief in the company. After continuous efforts, finally in 1992 in Modena Pagani set up their dream of super sports car manufacturing company, Pagani brand was born.
Mr. Ghani 1982 to the Italian car manufacturer Lamborghini depot work as a
1999 - 2010: The super sports car to the extreme - Pagani Zonda models of the birth and development
In Mr. Fan Jiao's help, Pagani and Mercedes agreed to use its models produced by the AMG V12 cylinder engine, in order to ensure its strong dynamic performance. To commemorate Mr. Fan Jiao for their help, Pagani car was originally intended to be named Fangio, but unfortunately, Mr. Fan Jiao Pagani not witnessed the birth of the brand's first sports car they passed away. Pagani 1999 Pagani brand officially launched the first super sports car, could not bear to use as their predecessors were taboo, the name was changed to the car Zonda, codenamed C12. The term refers to the Zonda is blowing from the Andes north of Argentina, the name also implies Pagani passing of Argentinean Mr. Fan Jiao feelings. At home, we gave him a more simple and straightforward name - Zonda.
1999 Pagani Zonda supercar launched the first generation
Zonda manufactured using a 7.0-liter V12 AMG-cylinder engine, power output 394 hp, peak torque of 570 Nm is reached. Carbon fiber material covered the entire body, but also by the carbon-fiber cars. Frame using super sports car is more commonly used steel tube. 1310 kg of weight and even lighter than the Diablo 140 kg. Zonda's shape also through wind tunnel tests. Front air dam, rear spoiler and the rectifier design can be 300 km / h vehicle speed when under the pressure of 500 kg, with body weight evenly, Zonda even in the more than 300 km / h ultra-high speed , still has a very high stability. Wedge-shaped nose and teardrop-shaped car glass car, design is very special, and the super sports car brand of the same period, other commonly used flat shape formed a great contrast. Such as the jet's rear exhaust pipes have become trademarks of this car Pagani Zonda.
Pagani Zonda car parts from various places, in addition to receiving Fangio had suggested the famous AMG engine, the other including leather, suspension, brakes and other components are also designed outside the plant on behalf of the commission workers, parts made by the design company and returned to Modena to complete assembly. This approach to ensure the quality of the various parts of the design costs, while it can be better controlled, although true, but the excellence of Mr. Pagani stick with hand-made some of the parts, so that each production cars are like works of art as delicate, leaving owners to enjoy ultra-running other brands can not honor given texture.
Zonda S models introduced to further strengthen the overall performance of the Pagani sports car
2002 Pagani supercar that need to be more robust dynamic performance, Zonda S models so listed, on the basis of the prototype car, the engine produced using AMG 7.3-liter V12 cylinder engine, the maximum horsepower increase to 555 horsepower, zero to one one hundred km / h acceleration time of 3.7 seconds for the amazing, powerful performance as the top super sports car that Ferrari and Lamborghini brands his former shame. With Houpajiani launched to Zonda C12 S convertible models based Zonda Roadster, to meet more needs of owners.
Zonda S models significantly improve the power performance, making it faster,
Then also introduced the first super sports car Zonda Roadster convertible
Introduced in 2005, Zonda F model, the Zonda to the extreme performance vehicle
Three years later, to commemorate the late driver Fangio, Pagani Zonda F launch vehicle. It is not just represent a new form and, more technically daring innovations: Zonda F, 60% of the parts before the Zonda S and completely different. Zonda F's power core is still re-tuned from the depot AMG 7.3-liter naturally aspirated V12 engine, maximum power output of 602 hp and maximum torque of 760 Nm staggering. The engine is equipped with such a fierce, Zonda F acceleration time is also very alarming ,0-100km / h acceleration takes only 3.6 seconds, while top speed is 345 km per hour is amazing.
Zonda F the whole car with a lot of expensive carbon fiber materials for the production, before the Zonda S than the full reduced by 80 kg, net weight of only 1230 kg, Zonda F Zonda S than its predecessor, 10 cm long, which extends forward to be attributed to nose, it has brought to the Zonda F more downforce. Improved aerodynamic components include carbon fiber rear wing, coupled with the combined effects of bottom diffuser, Zonda F in the speed of 300km / h obtained under the pressure close to 600 kilograms. Since the introduction of the Zonda F around the world continued to rack up the best lap time of the runway. British car show "Top Gear" test track best lap top, Zonda F created by the results is one stroke ahead of Ferrari Enzo, Maserati MC12 and other super sports car.
So much is to create super sports car, Pagani directly interpreted as the production of art is more appropriate, hand-built interior, called the fine, so far behind other super sports car brand
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